Ukuphepha kwe-IoT kungathuthuka kanjani ngokuhambisana ku-inthanethi Yakho Konke enkathini?

I-inthanethi Yezinto iwusekelo oluyisisekelo lwegagasi lesithathu lemboni yolwazi kanye nenguquko yesine yezimboni.

Iveze izimboni namabhizinisi amaningi ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile nezimboni ezahlukahlukene, njenge-inthanethi Yezimoto, I-inthanethi yezimboni, Igridi ehlakaniphile, I-Smart City, kanye neSmart Agriculture. , ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhlakaniphile, izinto ezihlakaniphile, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, ukugqoka okuhlakaniphile, njll., ziguqule izindlela zokuphila zabantu futhi zaletha ukunethezeka okukhulu empilweni yabantu yansuku zonke. Okwamanje, imboni ye-IoT yomhlaba wonke ithuthuka ngokushesha.

Isizukulwane sesine seRaspberry Pi - IOT Raspberry Pi

I-Mobile Economy 2022 ekhishwe yi-GSMA ibikezela ukuthi inani loxhumo olugunyaziwe lomhlaba wonke lwe-IoT yamaselula lizofinyelela 2.5 billion ku 2023, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngu 2030, inombolo yoxhumo olugunyaziwe lomhlaba jikelele lwe-IoT yeselula izofinyelela 5.3 ibhiliyoni. .

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-inthanethi Yezinto yezwe lami kuhamba phambili emhlabeni, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto ephathwayo ingumholi womhlaba wonke. Kusukela ekupheleni kwe 2022, inani eliphelele loxhumo lwetheminali kunethiwekhi yeselula yezwe lami selifinyelele 3.528 ibhiliyoni, yazo 1.845 izigidigidi zamaselula abasebenzisi betheminali ye-IoT bamele inani "into" ukuxhumana. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-August 2022, inombolo ye "into" ukuxhumana kudlule inombolo ye "umuntu" izixhumanisi Emva kwalokho, ingxenye ye "into" ukuxhumana kukhuphukele ku 52.3%. I-inthanethi Yakho Konke inika amandla izinkulungwane zezimboni. Isikali samatheminali e-IoT eselula asetshenziswa kumasevisi omphakathi, I-inthanethi Yezimoto, ukuthengisa okuhlakaniphile, futhi ikhaya elihlakaniphile selifinyelele 496 izigidi, 375 izigidi, 250 izigidi, futhi 192 izigidi zemizi, ngokulandelana.

Ngokufika kwe-inthanethi Yakho Konke inkathi, sizwa ukunethezeka nesivinini esilethwa ukuxhumana okubanzi, ukuqwashisa umhlaba wonke, kanye nesilawuli kude, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto futhi kuletha izingozi ezintsha zokuphepha zenethiwekhi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber ngokumelene namadivayisi we-IoT, izinhlelo, amanethiwekhi, futhi izinkundla bezilokhu zanda, okube nomthelela omkhulu kubumfihlo bomuntu siqu, ukukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi, ukusebenza kwedolobha, ngisho nokuvikeleka kwezwe.

Ukuphepha kwe-IoT kubhekene nezimo ezintsha, ubungozi obusha nezinselele ezintsha

Okokuqala, ubungozi bokuphepha bamadivayisi we-IoT buvelele. Amadivayisi e-IoT abhekana nezingozi zokuphepha ezifana namaphutha edizayini yehadiwe, ubungozi besoftware kanye ne-firmware, kanye nokuntuleka kwezindlela zokuqinisekisa. Ukuze ulawule izindleko zamadivayisi we-IoT, abakhiqizi bavame ukukhetha ihadiwe nama-chips anamandla aphansi futhi ashibhile. Ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha nemisebenzi yokuphepha yalezi zingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngokuvamile kuba buthaka, futhi abakwazi ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezokuphepha, njengokubethela kanye nobufakazi bokuphazamisa. umklamo njll. Ikhwalithi yekhodi yesofthiwe yamadivayisi we-IoT ayilingani, okuholela enanini elikhulu lobungozi besoftware. Ubungozi obujwayelekile bubandakanya ukuba sengozini kokuchichima kwebhafa, umyalo wokuba sengozini komjovo, njll. Abahlaseli bangasebenzisa lobu bungozi ukuze bathole ulawulo lwamadivayisi bekude bese beqalisa ukuhlasela kwenethiwekhi. Ukuqinisekisa ubuwena nezindlela zokulawula ukufinyelela zamadivayisi e-IoT aziphelele, okuholela ekutheni inani elikhulu lamadivayisi e-IoT afinyelelwe ngokungaziwa, noma ngisho nokuqhekezwa abahlaseli ukuze bathole amalungelo okulawula ngokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo alula.

Ngokwesibonelo, inombolo enkulu yamakhamera we-IoT okwamanje anenkinga yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ngemva kokuqhekeka kwamaphasiwedi abuthakathaka , kungaholela kalula ekulawuleni okunonya, Ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, ukuvuza kwedatha nezinye izigameko zokuphepha, ukubeka engozini ukusebenza okuvamile kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ebalulekile.

Okwesibili, I-inthanethi Yezinto ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ayanele. I I-inthanethi Yezinto is connected with the traditional fixed network and mobile Internet to form a new heterogeneous network with multi-network integration. Enqubweni yokuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha, ibhekene nezingozi zokuphepha ezifana nokungena kwenethiwekhi nokuvuza kwedatha. Isendlalelo sombono siyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe sombono obanzi we-inthanethi Yezinto. It mainly collects various information of objects through various izinzwa, and then transmits the data to the upper layer through I-NB-IoT, 3G, 4G, 5G nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela. Nokho, ama-node wesendlalelo sombono anedatha enkulu, amaphrothokholi ahlukahlukene, imisebenzi eyodwa, kanye nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe zekhompuyutha nezokugcina. Abakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono okuvikela olwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi, futhi basengozini yokuhlaselwa ngonya kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo. Isendlalelo senethiwekhi sinesibopho esikhulu sokudlulisa ngokunembile idatha eqoqwe isendlalelo sombono. Nokho, ngenxa yemvelo yenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe ze-inthanethi Yezinto, idatha ayinakho ukuvikeleka kobuchwepheshe bokubethela phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisela, futhi isengozini kakhulu ekuhlaselweni komuntu ophakathi nendawo. Abahlaseli bangathola ngokungemthetho amaphakethe edatha endleleni yokuxhumana, funda ngokuqondile idatha yombhalo ongenalutho noma uguqule amaphakethe edatha ukuze ucekele phansi ubuqotho bedatha. Le ndlela yokuhlasela kulula ukuyisebenzisa kodwa kunzima ukuyivimbela, okuzoholela enanini elikhulu lokuvuza kwedatha ebucayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yencazelo engacacile yomngcele wenethiwekhi ye-inthanethi Yezinto, abahlaseli bangafinyelela inethiwekhi ngokuzenza isango noma inodi yomsebenzisi, futhi yethule okunye ukuhlasela ezingxenyeni zenethiwekhi namadivayisi ngemva kokuthola amalungelo okufinyelela kunethiwekhi.

Okwesithathu ukuqubuka okuvamile kwezinkinga zokuphepha kwedatha ye-inthanethi Yezinto. I-inthanethi Yezinto izokhiqiza futhi yabelane ngamanani amakhulu edatha ngokusekelwe ezintweni zayo zokuxhumanisa, futhi le datha izoba nezingozi eziningi zokuphepha ohlelweni lokulondoloza, sebenzisa, kanye nokwabelana. Uma idatha igcinwa kumadivayisi nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezinokuvikelwa kokuvikela okunganele, izokwebiwa ngokuqondile ngabahlaseli. Uma ingekho indlela eqinile yokulawula ukufinyelela ohlelweni lokusebenzisa idatha nokwabelana ngedatha, abanye bangathola noma basebenzise idatha ebucayi yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwemvume, ezithinta ukukhiqizwa okuvamile nempilo yabasebenzisi. Ubunye 42 ithimba lezobunhloli ezisongelayo liqashwe ngeso lokhozi 1.2 izigidi zamadivaysi e-IoT e-United States futhi wakuthola lokho 98% yamadivayisi we-IoT awabethelwe, okudala ubungozi bobumfihlo bomuntu siqu kanye nokuvuza kwedatha. Eminyakeni yakamuva, kube nezigameko eziningi ezifanayo zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, njengezithombe eziqoqwe inani elikhulu lamakhamera asekhaya athengiswa ku-inthanethi, nezipikha ezihlakaniphile ezivuza ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi.

Okwesine, ukuphepha kwenkundla ye-inthanethi Yezinto kufanele kunakwe. Amadivayisi we-IoT, amapulatifomu amafu, futhi izinkundla zohlelo lokusebenza zisebenzisana nedatha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma lezi zinkundla sezigqekeziwe, lonke uhlelo lwe-IoT luzobhujiswa. Uma kukhona ubungozi besofthiwe noma amaphutha okulungiselela kuplathifomu yamafu nengxenyekazi yohlelo lokusebenza, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS kusendlalelo sesicelo futhi kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkundla Yezinto Ye-inthanethi iphinde ibhekane nezingozi ezifana nokulawulwa kokuphepha okwanele kwama-ejenti kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-supply chain. I-supply chain ye Amadivayisi we-IoT iyinkimbinkimbi. Uma inkundla inokuphathwa kokulawulwa kokuvikela okunganele kubahlinzeki, kulula ukufakwa nge "umnyango ongemuva" ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ihadiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. Lokhu "umnyango ongemuva" kufihlwe ngokwedlulele, futhi kusenzima ukuyithola ngemva kokulethwa kwedivayisi. , Uma isinikwe amandla, kuzodala izingozi ezingenakulinganiswa. Ngakho-ke, abaphathi bezinkundla kufanele bathuthukise ukuqapha kwe-supply chain nezinqubo zokuphatha ukuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-inthanethi Yezinto Umsebenzi Wokusabela Ngobungozi

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngaphansi kokusekelwa nokuqondiswa uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, I-China Academy of Information and Communications Technology ibambisene namayunithi emboni afanelekile ukuze ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo futhi kancane kancane impendulo ezingozini zokuphepha ze-inthanethi Yezinto.

Esokuqala ukunikeza ukudlala okuphelele endimeni eholayo yezinhlangano zemboni futhi sikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukulungiswa kwamazinga ahlobene nokuvikeleka kwe-inthanethi Yezinto.. Sheshisa ukwakhiwa kwesistimu evamile yokuqapha ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, thuthukisa uchungechunge lwamazinga okuqapha ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, futhi ukhuthaze i "Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zokuhlolwa Kwe-inthanethi Yezinto Zethrafikhi", "Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Ze-inthanethi Yezinto Zokuqapha Ukuphepha Kwenethiwekhi Nohlelo Lokuphatha", "I-inthanethi Yezinto Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zokuqapha Nokuvikeleka Kwenethiwekhi Nokuphatha" futhi "I-IoT Terminal Network Security Classification kanye nendlela yokuhlola yokugreda" kanye namanye amaphrojekthi asezingeni lemboni asungulwe ukuze kwakhiwe izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezicacile nezicacile kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zesistimu yokuqapha ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi Yezinto Ye-inthanethi ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa komsindo wemboni ye-inthanethi Yezinto..

Okwesibili ukuthembela ezinsizeni zenethiwekhi yemboni kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ekuqaleni ukwakha isistimu yokuqapha ukuphepha ehlanganisa i-inthanethi Yezinto izisekelo zezinkampani zokuxhumana eziyisisekelo.. Kwakhiwe inkundla yokuqapha ukuvikeleka kokufinyelela okuyisisekelo kwe-inthanethi yezinto ezixhumanisa uhulumeni nebhizinisi, enemisebenzi yokuqoqa, ukuqapha, ucwaningo nokwahlulela, kanye nempendulo. Amakhulu ezigidi zamatheminali ayagadwa ukuze akhe ukuqwashisa okuphelele kwesimo sokuvikeleka kanye namakhono okuhlaziya we-inthanethi Yezinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iplatifomu isungule imininingwane yolwazi olusongelayo njengobungozi be-IoT, izinsiza zenethiwekhi ezinonya, kanye nemithetho yezokuphepha. Iqongelele ngaphezu 10,000 imithetho yomcimbi wokuphepha nezinsiza ezinonya, futhi inemisebenzi efana nezitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwe-IoT, izitayela zokuphepha, kanye nezihloko ezikhethekile.

Okwesithathu ukuqhubeka nokwenza ucwaningo olukhethekile lokuhlola nokwakha amakhono ezobuchwepheshe wokutholwa nokuhlolwa kosongo lwezokuphepha lwe-IoT.. Gxila ezingozini zokuphepha ezibhekene nesendlalelo sombono, ungqimba lwenethiwekhi, kanye nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-inthanethi Yezinto, yenza ucwaningo ngohlelo lwenkomba yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuthola usongo lokuphepha lwe-inthanethi Yezinto, hlanganisa izinqolobane zethiyori ezihlobene namathuluzi okuthola usongo nezindlela zokutholwa ze-inthanethi Yezinto, futhi uqondise amabhizinisi afanelekile ukuze athuthukise amatheminali e-inthanethi Yezinto Imisebenzi yokuhlola amandla athuthukile omkhiqizo, thuthukisa ukuphepha kwehadiwe, ukuphepha kwesofthiwe, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza namandla okuhlola ukuphepha kwedatha, futhi ekuqaleni yakhe amakhono obuchwepheshe okuthola nokuhlola usongo lokuphepha kwe-IoT.

Imicabango Neziphakamiso Ngokusekelwe Ezingozini Zokuphepha ze-IoT

Okokuqala ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwamazinga ahlobene nezokuphepha e-IoT. Yenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwetheminali ye-IoT, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, ukuphepha kwesikhulumi namanye amazinga, khuthaza ukubuyekezwa kwe Isango lasekhaya le-IoT kanye namazinga wokuhlola ukuphepha kwesango, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo olujwayelekile lokuqapha ukuphepha kwe-IoT, ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokuhlola ukuphepha komkhiqizo we-IoT, futhi uqondise ukuphepha kwe-IoT Thuthukisa ngendlela yesayensi nehlelekile.

I-Raspberry Pi 4 - 9-Ikesi le-Acrylic lesendlalelo elinefeni yokupholisa - I-Raspberry Pi 4B Ikesi Lokuvikela Ngemibala Emine

Okwesibili ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe okuqapha ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi Yezinto. Yakha isistimu yobuchwepheshe yokuqapha ukuphepha kwebhizinisi le-inthanethi Yezinto, qinisa amandla okuhlolwa kwethrafikhi ezimo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-inthanethi Yezinto ezijwayelekile njenge-inthanethi Yezimoto, I-inthanethi yezimboni, namadolobha ahlakaniphile, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokubikwa kwedatha mayelana nokubhekwa kokufakwa kwedatha, ukuphelela kokusebenza, kanye nokuvuthwa kwebhizinisi. Thuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwabashayeli bezindiza abaqapha ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi ye-5G, ngokuqhubekayo ithuthukisa i-inthanethi Yezinto isistimu yokuqapha ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yangasese, futhi sithuthukise amakhono aphelele okusekela kwezobuchwepheshe afana nokuqwashisa ngezimo zokuphepha kwe-IoT yemboni, isixwayiso sengozi, kanye nempendulo ephuthumayo.

Okwesithathu ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nohlelo lobuchwepheshe lokuhlola. Yakha ukulingisa ukuphepha kanye nendawo yokuqinisekisa yezimo ezijwayelekile ezifana nezindlu ezihlakaniphile nokukhiqizwa kwedijithali, futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwekhodi, ukuskena kokuba sengozini enkulu, ukuqinisekiswa kwendlela yokulawula ukufinyelela, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudluliswa kwedatha, ukuhlolwa kobunikazi benodi yenethiwekhi, njll. kumatheminali e-IoT, amanethiwekhi, kanye nezinkundla Sebenza, ukwakha amakhono obuchwepheshe afana nezimayini ezisengozini, ukuhlasela okufanisiwe, kanye neqoqo lezobunhloli, ukwenza njalo ukuhlolwa kokuthobela ukuphepha kwe-IoT nemisebenzi yokuhlola, thola izingozi zokuphepha ngesikhathi, futhi zikhuthaze izinkampani ezihlobene ne-IoT ukuthuthukisa amakhono azo okuvikela ukuphepha.

Ukuphepha kwe-IoT kungathuthuka kanjani ngokuhambisana ku-inthanethi Yakho Konke enkathini

Okwesine ukuqinisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuqamba okusha okuhlanganyelwe kwezinkampani zokuphepha ze-inthanethi Yezinto. Gxila ku- "ukushiyeka kwamandla" kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela zokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe zokuphepha kwetheminali ye-IoT, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokuphepha kwesikhulumi, ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ezikhwameni ezikhethekile zokuphepha ze-IoT, enze ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuphepha kwe-IoT nemiqhudelwano nezingqungquthela zamabhizinisi, ukuhlanganisa izinsiza ezikhuphukayo nezingezansi embonini, futhi babuthe "uhulumeni-imboni Ukuhlakulela nokukhuthaza inani lemikhiqizo yezokuphepha ye-IoT nezisombululo, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lokuvikela ukuphepha lamatheminali e-IoT, amanethiwekhi, amapulatifomu kanye nedatha, futhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezokuphepha ye-IoT.

*Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ku "Umhlaba Wezokuxhumana"
Inkinga 925 Agasti 10, 2023 Inkinga 15
Isihloko Sangempela: "Ukuhlaziywa Kwengozi Yezokuphepha kwe-IoT kanye Nokucwaninga Kwezinyathelo Zokulwa Ku-inthanethi Yayo Yonke Inkathi"