Lunokuphuhla njani ukhuseleko lwe-IoT ngokuhambelanayo kwi-Intanethi yeYonke into?

I-Intanethi yeZinto yeyona nto iphambili yenkxaso yeliza lesithathu leshishini lolwazi kunye nenguqu yesine yeshishini.

Ivelise amashishini amaninzi kunye namashishini ngokudibanisa okunzulu kunye namashishini ahlukeneyo, njenge-Intanethi yeZithuthi, I-Intanethi yoShishino, I-Smart Grid, IsiXeko esiSmart, kunye nezoLimo eziSmart. , ukhathalelo lwezonyango olukrelekrele, izinto zokusebenza smart, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, banxibe smart, njl., zitshintshe iindlela zokuphila zabantu zaza zanceda kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Okwangoku, ishishini le-IoT lehlabathi likhula ngokukhawuleza.

Raspberry Pi 4th isizukulwana - IOT Raspberry Pi

UQoqosho lweMobile 2022 ekhutshwe yi-GSMA iqikelela ukuba inani loqhagamshelo olugunyazisiweyo lweselula lwe-IoT luza kufikelela 2.5 billion kwi 2023, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo 2030, inani loqhagamshelwano olugunyazisiweyo lweselula lwe-IoT luza kufikelela 5.3 ibhiliyoni. .

Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-Intanethi yelizwe lam luphambili kwihlabathi, kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto yinkokeli yehlabathi. Ukusukela ekupheleni kwe 2022, inani lilonke loqhagamshelo lwetheminali kuthungelwano oluphathwayo lwelizwe lam lufikelele 3.528 ibhiliyoni, ngokuba 1.845 Iibhiliyoni zabasebenzisi beterminal yeselula ye-IoT bamele inani le "into" imidibaniso. Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2022, inani le "into" imidibaniso lidlule inani le "umntu" unxibelelwano Emva koko, umyinge we "into" imidibaniso inyuke ukuya 52.3%. I-Intanethi yeYonke into ixhobisa amawaka emizi-mveliso. Ubungakanani beetheminali zeselula ze-IoT ezisetyenziswa kwiinkonzo zoluntu, I-Intanethi yeZithuthi, ukuthengisa smart, kwaye ikhaya elihlakaniphile lifikile 496 izigidi, 375 izigidi, 250 izigidi, kwaye 192 izigidi zemizi, ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngokufika kwexesha le-Intanethi yeYonke into, siva lula kunye nesantya esiziswa luqhagamshelwano olubanzi, ulwazi lwehlabathi, kunye nolawulo olukude, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha be-Intanethi yeZinto kuzisa nemingcipheko emitsha yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Kule minyaka yangoku, uhlaselo lwe-cyber ngokuchasene nezixhobo ze-IoT, iinkqubo, uthungelwano, kwaye amaqonga aye anda, eye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kubumfihlo bomntu, imveliso yeshishini, imisebenzi yesixeko, kwanokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Ukhuseleko lwe-IoT lujongene neemeko ezintsha, imingcipheko emitsha kunye nemingeni emitsha

Ekuqaleni, imingcipheko yokhuseleko lwezixhobo ze-IoT ibalasele. Izixhobo ze-IoT zijongene neengozi zokhuseleko ezifana neziphene zoyilo lwehardware, Ubuthathaka besoftware kunye ne-firmware, kunye nokungabikho kweendlela zokuqinisekisa. Ukuze ulawule iindleko zezixhobo ze-IoT, abavelisi bahlala bekhetha i-hardware ephantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kunye neetshiphusi. Ukusebenza kwekhompyuter kunye nemisebenzi yokhuseleko yezi zixhobo zihlala zibuthathaka, kwaye abanako ukunika inkxaso yokhuseleko oluluqilima, ezifana ne-encryption kunye ne-tamper-proof. uyilo njl. Umgangatho wekhowudi yesoftware yezixhobo ze-IoT awulingani, okukhokelela kwinani elikhulu lobuthathaka besoftware. Ubuthathaka obuqhelekileyo bubandakanya ukuphuphuma kwesithinteli sesichengeni, umyalelo wokutofa ubuthathaka, njl. Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa obu buthathaka ukuze bafumane ulawulo lwezixhobo bekude kwaye baqalise uhlaselo lwenethiwekhi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi kunye neendlela zokulawula ukufikelela kwizixhobo ze-IoT azifezekanga, okukhokelela ekubeni inani elikhulu lezixhobo ze-IoT zifikelelwe ngokungaziwa, okanye ukuqhekezwa ngabahlaseli ukufumana amalungelo okulawula ngokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo alula.

Umzekelo, inani elikhulu leekhamera ze-IoT okwangoku zinengxaki yokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga emva kokuba iiphasiwedi ezibuthathaka ziqhekekile , ngokulula kunokukhokelela kulawulo olulunya, Ukuhlaselwa kweDDoS, ukuvuza kwedatha kunye nezinye iziganeko zokhuseleko, kubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweziseko ezingundoqo zothungelwano.

Isibini, I-intanethi yeZinto ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ayanelanga. I I-Intanethi yezinto is connected with the traditional fixed network and mobile Internet to form a new heterogeneous network with multi-network integration. Kwinkqubo yokuqokelela idatha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha, ijongene neengozi zokhuseleko ezifana nokungena kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuvuza kwedatha. Ingqikelelo yombono sisiseko sobugcisa sombono obanzi we-Intanethi yeZinto. It mainly collects various information of objects through various abenzi boluvo, and then transmits the data to the upper layer through I-NB-IoT, 3G, 4G, 5G kunye nezinye iiteknoloji zofikelelo. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo zokujonga umaleko zinedatha enkulu, iiprothokholi ezahlukeneyo, imisebenzi enye, kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nokugcinwa okulinganiselweyo. Abakwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi oluntsonkothileyo lokhuseleko lwezakhono, kwaye basesichengeni sohlaselo olubi kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqokelela idatha, echaphazela ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwenkqubo. Umaleko womnatha ikakhulu unoxanduva lokuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo idatha eqokelelwe ngumaleko wokuqonda. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume benethiwekhi entsonkothileyo ye-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nemithombo elinganiselweyo ye-Intanethi yeZinto node, idatha ayinakho ukukhuselwa kweteknoloji ye-encryption ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhambisa, kwaye usesichengeni ngokugqithisileyo kuhlaselo lomntu ophakathi. Abahlaseli banokufumana ngokungekho mthethweni iipakethi zedatha kwindlela yokunxibelelana, funda ngokuthe ngqo idatha ecacileyo okanye uguqule iipakethi zedatha ukutshabalalisa ingqibelelo yedatha. Le ndlela yokuhlasela kulula ukuyiphumeza kodwa kunzima ukuyinqanda, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwisixa esikhulu sokuvuza kwedatha enovakalelo. Ngaxeshanye, ngenxa yengcaciso engacacanga ye-Intanethi yeZinto umda womnatha, abahlaseli banokufikelela kuthungelwano ngokuzenza njengesango okanye indawo yomsebenzisi, kwaye uqalise uhlaselo olongezelelweyo kumacandelo enethiwekhi kunye nezixhobo emva kokufumana amalungelo okufikelela kwinethiwekhi.

Okwesithathu kukuqhambuka rhoqo kwi-Intanethi yeMiba yokhuseleko lwedatha. I-Intanethi yeZinto iya kuvelisa kwaye yabelane ngezixa ezikhulu zedatha ngokusekelwe kwiipropati zayo zoqhagamshelwano, kwaye ezi datha ziya kuba nemingcipheko emininzi yokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokugcina, sebenzisa, kunye nokwabelana. Xa idatha igcinwe kwizixhobo kunye namaqonga anokhuseleko olunganeleyo lokhuseleko, iya kubiwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabahlaseli. Xa kungekho ndlela yokulawula ukufikelela ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwedatha kunye nokwabelana ngedatha, abanye banokufumana okanye basebenzise idatha ebuthathaka yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwemvume, echaphazela imveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nobomi babasebenzisi. IManyano 42 iqela lezobuntlola libekwe esweni 1.2 izigidi zezixhobo ze-IoT eUnited States kwaye zafumanisa ukuba 98% yezixhobo ze-IoT azikhutshelwanga, ukubeka imingcipheko yobumfihlo bomntu kunye nokuvuza kwedatha. Kule minyaka yangoku, kukho iziganeko ezininzi ezifanayo zokhuseleko womnatha, njengemifanekiso eqokelelwe linani elikhulu leekhamera zasekhaya ezithengiswa kwi-intanethi, kunye nezithethi ezihlakaniphile ezivuza ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi.

Isine, ukhuseleko lweqonga le-Intanethi leZinto kufuneka liqwalaselwe. Izixhobo ze-IoT, amaqonga amafu, kunye namaqonga ezicelo asebenzisana nedatha ngalo lonke ixesha. Xa la maqonga eqhekeziwe, yonke inkqubo ye-IoT iya kutshatyalaliswa. Xa kukho ubuthathaka besoftware okanye iimpazamo zoqwalaselo kwiqonga lelifu kunye neqonga lesicelo, Kulula kakhulu ukwenza uhlaselo lwe-DDoS kumaleko wesicelo kwaye kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo. Ngaxeshanye, Iqonga le-Intanethi leZinto likwajongene nemingcipheko efana nolawulo olungonelanga lokhuseleko lweearhente kunye nongcoliseko lokubonelela. Ikhonkco lonikezelo lwe Izixhobo ze-IoT inzima. Ukuba iqonga linolawulo olungonelanga lolawulo lokhuseleko lwababoneleli, kulula ukufakelwa nge a "icango langasemva" kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwehardware kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware. Oku "icango langasemva" ifihliwe kakhulu, kwaye kusenzima ukuyifumana emva kokuba isixhobo sinikezelwe. , Yakube ivuliwe, iya kubangela imingcipheko engenakulinganiswa. Ngoko ke, abaphathi beqonga kufuneka baphucule ukujongwa kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokhuseleko ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Intanethi yeZinto zoKhuseleko lweMpendulo yoMngcipheko Umsebenzi

Kule minyaka yangoku, phantsi kwenkxaso kunye nokukhokelwa liSebe lezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi, I-Academy yaseChina yoLwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano iye yasebenzisana kunye neeyunithi zoshishino ezifanelekileyo ukukhuthaza ngokusebenzayo nangokuqhubekayo impendulo kwi-Intanethi yezinto ezinobungozi bokhuseleko..

Eyokuqala kukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima ekhokelayo yemibutho yoshishino kunye nokukhuthaza ngokusebenzayo ukulungiswa kwemigangatho enxulumene ne-Intanethi yeZinto zokhuseleko.. Ukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lwe-Intanethi yeZinto inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokhuseleko, phuhlisa uluhlu lwemigangatho yokubeka iliso kukhuseleko lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, kunye nokukhuthaza i "IiMfuno zobuGcisa kunye neendlela zoVavanyo lwe-Intanethi yeZinto zokuHlolwa kweTrafikhi", "IiMfuno zobuGcisa kwi-Intanethi yeZinto zokuJonga uKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo", "I-Intanethi yeZinto zokuJonga uKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo lweeMfuno zoBugcisa boBuchule" kwaye "UHlelo loMngcipheko woKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi ye-IoT kunye neNdlela yoVavanyo loHlelo" kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zomgangatho woshishino zisekwe ukwakha iimfuno zobugcisa ezicacileyo nezicacileyo kunye neendlela zovavanyo lwe-Intanethi yeZinto inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ukunceda uphuhliso oluvakalayo lweshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto..

Okwesibini kukuthembela kwimithombo yothungelwano yoshishino kunye neenzuzo zobuchwepheshe ekuqaleni ukwakha inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokhuseleko egubungela i-Intanethi yeZinto iziseko zeenkampani ezisisiseko zonxibelelwano.. Iqonga likarhulumente-leshishini lonxibelelwano le-Intanethi yeZinto sele lakhiwe, enemisebenzi yokuqokelela, ukubeka esweni, uphando kunye nesigwebo, kunye nempendulo. Amakhulu ezigidi zeetheminali zibekwe esweni ukwenza imeko yokhuseleko jikelele yokwazisa kunye nohlalutyo lwezakhono ze-Intanethi yeZinto.. Ngaxeshanye, iqonga liseke oovimba beenkcukacha zobungozi ezinje ngobuthathaka be-IoT, imithombo yenethiwekhi enobungozi, kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko. Iqokelele ngaphezulu 10,000 imithetho yesiganeko sokhuseleko kunye nemithombo enobungozi, kwaye inemisebenzi efana neendlela zophuhliso lwe-IoT, iindlela zokhuseleko, kunye nezihloko ezikhethekileyo.

Okwesithathu kukuqhubeka nokwenza uphando olukhethekileyo lokuphonononga kunye nokwakha ubuchwephesha bokufunyanwa kunye novavanyo lwe-IoT yokhuseleko lokhuseleko.. Gxininisa kwimingcipheko yokhuseleko ejongene nengqikelelo yombono, umaleko womnatha, kunye nesicelo soluhlu lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, ukwenza uphando kwinkqubo yesalathiso sovavanyo lwentsebenzo ye-Intanethi yeZinto inkqubo yokubona isoyikiso lokhuseleko, hlanganisa oovimba bethiyori abanxulumene nezixhobo zokubona isoyikiso kunye neendlela zokubona kwi-Intanethi yeZinto, kunye nokukhokela ngokusebenzayo amashishini afanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa i-Intanethi yeZinto iitheminali Imveliso yovavanyo lwesakhono esiphezulu, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwehardware, ukhuseleko lwesoftware, ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, ukhuseleko lwesicelo kunye namandla okuvavanya ukhuseleko lwedatha, kwaye ekuqaleni yenze ubuchule bobugcisa bokufunyanwa kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko lwe-IoT.

Iingcamango kunye neeNgcebiso eziSekwe kwiMingcipheko yoKhuseleko ye-IoT

Eyokuqala kukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho enxulumene nokhuseleko lwe-IoT. Yenza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-terminal ye-IoT yokhuseleko, ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, ukhuseleko lweqonga kunye neminye imigangatho, khuthaza uhlaziyo lwe IoT isango lasekhaya kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo lokhuseleko lwesango, ukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lwe-IoT yokubeka iliso yokhuseleko inkqubo, khokela uphuhliso lomsebenzi wovavanyo lokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-IoT, kwaye ukhokele ukhuseleko lwe-IoT uPhuhlisa kwicala lezesayensi kunye nenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo.

Raspberry Pi 4 - 9-I-Layer Acrylic Case eneFan yokuPholisa - I-Raspberry Pi 4B Ityala loKhuselo kwiMibala emine

Okwesibini kukuqhubeka nokuphucula ubuchwephesha bokubeka iliso kwi-Intanethi yeZinto. Yakha inkqubo yetekhnoloji esisiseko yonxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, qinisa amandla okuhlola i-traffic ye-Intanethi yeZinto eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo ye-Intanethi efana ne-Intanethi yeZithuthi, I-Intanethi yoShishino, kunye nezixeko ezihlakaniphile, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weengxelo zedatha ngokubhekiselele ekubekweni iliso, ukugqibelela kokusebenza, kunye nokukhula kweshishini. Ukukhuthaza ulwakhiwo lwe-5G ye-Intanethi yeZinto abaqhubi abajonga ukhuseleko, ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula i-Intanethi yeZinto inkqubo yokujonga ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yabucala, kunye nokwandisa amandla okuxhasa ubuchwephesha abanzi afana nokwazisa ngemeko yokhuseleko lwe-IoT kushishino, isilumkiso somngcipheko, kunye nempendulo kaxakeka.

Okwesithathu kukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lovavanyo lokhuseleko lwe-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo lobuchwepheshe. Yakha ukulinganisa ukhuseleko kunye nemeko yokuqinisekisa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ezifana namakhaya ahlakaniphile kunye nemveliso yedijithali, kunye nokwenza uphicotho lwekhowudi yokhuseleko, umngcipheko ophezulu wokuskena ukuba semngciphekweni, uqinisekiso lwendlela yokulawula ukufikelela, uvavanyo lokhuseleko lokudluliselwa kwedatha, Uvavanyo lwesazisi se nodi yenethiwekhi, njl. kwiitheminali ze-IoT, uthungelwano, kunye namaqonga Umsebenzi, ukwakha ubunakho obuchwephesha obufana nokuba semngciphekweni kwemigodi, uhlaselo olufanisiweyo, kunye nengqokelela yobuntlola, rhoqo ukwenza uvavanyo lokuthotyelwa kwe-IoT yokhuseleko kunye nemisebenzi yokuvavanya, ukufumana imingcipheko yokhuseleko ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza iinkampani ezinxulumene ne-IoT ukukhulisa amandla azo okhuseleko.

Lunokuphuhla njani ukhuseleko lwe-IoT ngokuhambelanayo kwi-Intanethi yeYonke into

Okwesine kukuqinisa ngokuthe gqolo ukusungulwa kwentsebenziswano ye-Intanethi yeZinto zamashishini okhuseleko. Gxininisa kwi "ukusilela kwamandla" kunye nemikhombandlela yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokhuseleko lwetheminali ye-IoT, ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, kunye nokhuseleko lweqonga, ukwandisa utyalo-mali kwiimali ezikhethekileyo zokhuseleko lwe-IoT, qhuba i-IoT yokhuseleko kunye nokhuphiswano lwezorhwebo kunye neenkomfa, ukudibanisa izixhobo eziphuma phezulu nezisezantsi kushishino, kwaye uqokelele "urhulumente-ishishini Ukulima nokukhuthaza inani leemveliso zokhuseleko ze-IoT kunye nezisombululo, ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lweetheminali ze-IoT, uthungelwano, amaqonga kunye nedatha, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woshishino lokhuseleko lwe-IoT.

*Eli nqaku lapapashwa kwi "Ilizwe loNxibelelwano"
Khupha 925 EyeThupha 10, 2023 Khupha 15
Isihloko sokuqala: "Uhlalutyo loMngcipheko woKhuseleko lwe-IoT kunye noPhando lwe-Countermeasures kwi-Intanethi ye-Era yonke"