Ts'ireletso ea IoT e ka ntlafala joang ka ho ts'oana nakong ea Marang-rang a Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe?

Marang-rang a Lintho ke tšehetso ea mantlha ea leqhubu la boraro la indasteri ea tlhahisoleseling le phetoho ea bone ea indasteri.

E hlahisitse liindasteri le likhoebo tse ngata ka ho kopanya ho tebileng le liindasteri tse fapaneng, joalo ka Inthanete ea Likoloi, Inthanete ea indasteri, Smart Grid, Smart City, le Temo e Bohlale. , tlhokomelo ea meriana e bohlale, thepa e bohlale, ntlo e bohlale, seaparo se bohlale, etc., li fetotse mekhoa ea bophelo ea batho 'me tsa tlisa boiketlo bo boholo bophelong ba batho ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Hajoale, indasteri ea lefats'e ea IoT e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako.

Raspberry Pi 4th moloko - IOT Raspberry Pi

The Mobile Economy 2022 e lokollotsoeng ke GSMA e bolela esale pele hore palo ea likhokahano tsa cellular tse lumelletsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara ea IoT e tla fihla 2.5 limilione tse likete ho 2023, 'me ho hakanngoa hore ka 2030, palo ea likhokahano tse lumelletsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara tsa cellular tsa IoT li tla fihla 5.3 limilione tse likete. .

Ntlafatso ea indasteri ea naha ea heso ea Inthanete ea Lintho e ka pele lefatšeng, le kaho ea mobile Internet of Things ke moetapele oa lefats'e. Ho tloha qetellong ea 2022, palo eohle ea likhokahano tsa litheminale marangrang a mehala ea naha ea heso e fihlile 3.528 limilione tse likete, tsa tseo 1.845 limilione tse likete tsa cellular basebelisi ba IoT ba emela palo ea "ntho" likamano. Ho tloha bofelong ba Phato 2022, palo ea "ntho" likhokahano li fetisitse palo ea "motho" likamano Ka mor'a moo, karolo ea "ntho" maqhama a nyolohetse ho 52.3%. Marang-rang a Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e matlafatsa liindasteri tse likete. Tekanyo ea liteishene tsa IoT tsa cellular tse sebelisoang litšebeletsong tsa sechaba, Inthanete ea Likoloi, mabenkele a bohlale, mme lehae le bohlale le fihlile 496 milione, 375 milione, 250 milione, le 192 malapa a limilione, ka ho latellana.

Ka ho fihla ha nako ea Marang-rang ea Lintho Tsohle, re utloa boiketlo le lebelo le tlisoang ke khokahano e pharaletseng, tlhokomeliso ea lefatše lohle, le remote control, empa ts'ebeliso ea thekenoloji ea Inthanete ea Lintho e boetse e tlisa likotsi tse ncha tsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, litlhaselo tsa cyber khahlano le lisebelisoa tsa IoT, litsamaiso, marang-rang, 'me li-platform li ntse li eketseha, e bileng le phello e kholo boinotšing ba motho, tlhahiso ea khoebo, ts'ebetso ea toropo, esita le tshireletso ya naha.

Tšireletso ea IoT e tobane le maemo a macha, likotsi tse ncha le mathata a macha

Ea pele, likotsi tsa ts'ireletso tsa lisebelisoa tsa IoT li hlahelletse. Lisebelisoa tsa IoT li tobane le likotsi tsa ts'ireletso joalo ka liphoso tsa moralo oa Hardware, bofokoli ba software le firmware, le ho hloka mekhoa ea ho netefatsa. E le ho laola litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa IoT, hangata bahlahisi ba khetha lisebelisoa tse tlase tsa matla le li-chips tse theko e tlase. Ts'ebetso ea komporo le ts'ireletso ea lisebelisoa tsena hangata lia fokola, 'me ha ba khone ho fana ka tšehetso e tiileng ea tšireletso, joalo ka encryption le tamper-proof. moralo jj. Boleng ba khoutu ea software ea lisebelisoa tsa IoT ha bo lekane, e bakang palo e kholo ea bofokoli ba software. Bofokoli bo tloaelehileng bo kenyelletsa bofokoli ba buffer overflow, laela bofokoli ba ente, etc. Bahlaseli ba ka sebelisa bofokoli bona ho fumana taolo ea lisebelisoa ba le hole le ho qala litlhaselo tsa marang-rang. Mekhoa ea netefatso ea boitsebahatso le taolo ea phihlello ea lisebelisoa tsa IoT ha e ea nepahala, ho fella ka hore palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa IoT e fihlellehe ntle le lebitso, kapa esita le ho qhekelloa ke bahlaseli ho fumana litokelo tsa ho laola ka li-passwords tse bonolo.

Ka mohlala, palo e kholo ea lik'hamera tsa IoT hajoale li na le bothata ba ho fihlella ntle le tumello ka mor'a hore li-passwords tse fokolang li senyehe , ho ka lebisa taolong e lonya habonolo, Litlhaselo tsa DDoS, ho tsoa ha data le liketsahalo tse ling tsa ts'ireletso, ho beha ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa marang-rang.

Ea bobeli, Marang-rang a Lintho ts'ireletso ea marang-rang ha ea lekana. The Inthanete ea Lintho is connected with the traditional fixed network and mobile Internet to form a new heterogeneous network with multi-network integration. Ts'ebetsong ea pokello ea lintlha le phetiso ea data, e tobana le likotsi tsa ts'ireletso tse kang ho kena ha marang-rang le ho tsoa ha data. Lera la maikutlo ke motheo oa tekheniki bakeng sa pono e felletseng ea Marang-rang a Lintho. It mainly collects various information of objects through various lisensara, and then transmits the data to the upper layer through NB-IoT, 3G, 4G, 5G le mahlale a mang a phihlello. Leha ho le joalo, li-node tsa maikutlo li na le data e kholo, liprothokholo tse fapaneng, mesebetsi e le 'ngoe, le lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa khomphutha le polokelo. Ha ba khone ho fana ka matla a ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso ea tlhahisoleseling, 'me ba kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ka lonya le tšenyo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bokella lintlha, e amang tshebetso e tlwaelehileng ya tsamaiso. Lera la marang-rang le ikarabella haholo bakeng sa ho fetisa ka nepo data e bokelletsoeng ke lera la maikutlo. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la tikoloho e rarahaneng ea marang-rang ea Inthanete ea Lintho le mehloli e fokolang ea marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang, data e haelloa ke ts'ireletso ea thekenoloji ea encryption nakong ea ts'ebetso ea phetisetso, 'me o kotsing e kholo ea litlhaselo tsa motho ea bohareng. Bahlaseli ba ka fumana lipakete tsa data ka tsela e seng molaong tseleng ea puisano, bala ka ho toba lintlha tse hlakileng kapa u fetole lipakete tsa data ho senya botšepehi ba data. Mokhoa ona oa tlhaselo o bonolo ho o kenya ts'ebetsong empa ho thata ho o thibela, e tla lebisa ho palo e kholo ea ho lutla ha data. Ka nako e tšoanang, ka lebaka la tlhaloso e sa hlakang ea moeli oa marang-rang oa Inthanete oa Lintho, bahlaseli ba ka fihlella marang-rang ka ho iketsa eka ke heke kapa node ea mosebelisi, le ho qala litlhaselo tse ling ho likarolo tsa marang-rang le lisebelisoa ka mor'a ho fumana litokelo tsa ho fumana marang-rang.

Ea boraro ke ho phatloha khafetsa ha litaba tsa ts'ireletso ea data ea Internet of Things. Marang-rang a Lintho a tla hlahisa le ho arolelana lintlha tse ngata tse ipapisitseng le thepa ea eona ea khokahano, 'me lintlha tsena li tla ba le likotsi tse ngata tsa tšireletso nakong ea polokelo, tshebediso, le ho arolelana. Ha data e bolokiloe lisebelisoa le li-platform tse nang le tšireletso e sa lekaneng ea tšireletso, e tla utsuoa ka ho toba ke bahlaseli. Ha ho se na mokhoa o tiileng oa taolo ea phihlello ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso ea data le ho arolelana data, ba bang ba ka fumana kapa ba sebelisa data e hlokolosi ea basebelisi ntle le tumello, e amang tlhahiso e tloaelehileng le bophelo ba basebelisi. Kopana 42 sehlopha sa mahlale a kotsi se beiloe leihlo 1.2 lisebelisoa tse limilione tsa IoT United States mme o fumane seo 98% lisebelisoa tsa IoT ha lia ngolisoa, ho beha likotsi tsa lekunutu la motho le ho lutla ha data. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho bile le liketsahalo tse ngata tse ts'oanang tsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang, joalo ka litšoantšo tse bokelletsoeng ke palo e kholo ea lik'hamera tsa lapeng tse rekisoang inthaneteng, le libui tse bohlale tse lutlang lekunutu la basebelisi.

Ea bone, tshireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho sethaleng e lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho. Lisebelisoa tsa IoT, cloud platforms, 'me li-platform tsa kopo li sebelisana le data ka linako tsohle. Hang ha li-platform tsena li hacked, tsamaiso eohle ea IoT e tla timetsoa. Ha ho na le bofokoli ba software kapa liphoso tsa tlhophiso sethaleng sa maru le sethala sa ts'ebeliso, ho bonolo haholo ho baka litlhaselo tsa DDoS sethaleng sa kopo le ho baka tšitiso ea lits'ebeletso. Ka nako e tšoanang, Marang-rang a Lintho a boetse a tobane le likotsi tse kang tsamaiso e sa lekaneng ea ts'ireletso ea baemeli le tšilafalo ea thepa. Thepa ea phepelo ea Lisebelisoa tsa IoT e rarahane. Haeba sethala se na le taolo e sa lekaneng ea taolo ea ts'ireletso bakeng sa bafani ba thepa, ho bonolo ho kengoa ka "lemati le ka morao" ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa le nts'etsopele ea software. Sena "lemati le ka morao" e patiloe haholo, 'me ho ntse ho le thata ho fumana ka mor'a hore sesebelisoa se fanoe. , Hang ha e kentswe, e tla baka likotsi tse ke keng tsa lekanngoa. Ka hona, balaoli ba sethala ba lokela ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea phepelo le lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea ts'ireletso ho fokotsa likotsi.

Tsoelo-pele ea Inthanete ea Lintho Mosebetsi oa Karabelo ea Kotsi ea Tšireletso

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlas'a tšehetso le tataiso ea Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology e sebelisane 'moho le litsi tse amehang tsa indasteri ho khothaletsa ka mafolofolo le butle-butle karabelo ho likotsi tsa ts'ireletso tsa Marang-rang..

Ea pele ke ho fana ka papali e felletseng ho karolo e etelletseng pele ea mekhatlo ea indasteri le ho khothaletsa ka mafolofolo ho lokisoa ha maemo a amanang le ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho.. Potlakisa kaho ea sistimi e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho, theha letoto la litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho, le ho ntšetsa pele "Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki le Mekhoa ea Teko bakeng sa Internet of Things Traffic Screening", "Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki bakeng sa Internet ea Lintho Network Security Monitoring and Management System", "Internet of Things Network Security Monitoring and Management System Interface Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki" le "IoT Terminal Network Security Classification Classification and Grading Evaluation Method" le merero e meng ea maemo a indasteri e thehiloe ho aha litlhoko tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tsa tekheniki le mekhoa ea liteko bakeng sa sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho ho thusa nts'etsopele ea molumo oa indasteri ea Lintho..

Ea bobeli ke ho itšetleha ka lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tsa indasteri le melemo ea thekenoloji ho qala ho aha mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo ts'ireletso o koahelang Marang-rang a Lintho tsa motheo tsa lik'hamphani tsa mantlha tsa likhokahano.. Khokahano ea 'muso le likhoebo tsa Marang-rang ea Lintho tsa Marang-rang e se e hahiloe, e nang le mesebetsi ya ho bokella, tlhokomelo, lipatlisiso le kahlolo, le karabo. Makholo a limilione a liteishene a behiloe leihlo ho theha tlhokomeliso ka kakaretso ea boemo ba ts'ireletso le bokhoni ba ho sekaseka Marang-rang a Lintho.. Ka nako e tšoanang, sethala se thehile li-database tsa bohlale ba ts'okelo joalo ka bofokoli ba IoT, mehloli e kotsi ea marang-rang, le melao ya tshireletso. E bokelletse ho feta 10,000 melao ea ketsahalo ea ts'ireletso le lisebelisoa tse kotsi, mme e na le mesebetsi e kang mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea IoT, mekhoa ea tshireletso, le lihlooho tse khethehileng.

Ea boraro ke ho tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso tse khethehileng ho hlahloba le ho aha bokhoni ba tekheniki ba ho lemoha le tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea IoT.. Tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a likotsi tsa ts'ireletso tse tobaneng le boemo ba maikutlo, lera la marang-rang, le karolo ea ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho, etsa lipatlisiso ka sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea Marang-rang a Lintho a sisteme ea ho lemoha litšokelo tsa ts'ireletso, kopanya lipolokelo tsa theory tse amanang le lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha litšokelo le mekhoa ea ho lemoha Marang-rang a Lintho, le ho tataisa likhoebo tse amehang ho nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo ea bokhoni ba Marang-rang ea Lintho, ntlafatsa tšireletso ea hardware, tshireletso ya software, tshireletso ya marangrang, ts'ireletso ea ts'ebeliso le bokhoni ba tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea data, 'me qalong ba thehe bokhoni ba tekheniki ba ho lemoha le tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea IoT.

Mehopolo le Litlhahiso tse Thehiloeng ho Likotsi tsa Ts'ireletso tsa IoT

Ea pele ke ho potlakisa nts'etsopele le ts'ebetsong ea litekanyetso tse amanang le ts'ireletso ea IoT. Etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea ts'ireletso ea terminal ea IoT, tshireletso ya marangrang, tshireletso sethaleng le litekanyetso tse ling, khothalletsa ntlafatso ea IoT heke ea lapeng le litekanyetso tsa teko ea tšireletso ea heke, potlakisa kaho ea sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea IoT, tataisa nts'etsopele ea mosebetsi oa tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea lihlahisoa tsa IoT, le ho tataisa ts'ireletso ea IoT Ho nts'etsapele ka tsela ea mahlale le e hlophisehileng haholoanyane.

Raspberry Pi 4 - 9-Layer Acrylic Case e nang le Cooling Fan - Nyeoe ea Tšireletso ea Raspberry Pi 4B ka Mebala e Mene

Ea bobeli ke ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tekheniki ba tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho. Theha mokhoa oa mantlha oa khoebo oa likhokahano oa Marang-rang oa Lintho oa ho lekola ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso, matlafatsa bokhoni ba ho lekola sephethephethe sa maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang ea Lintho joalo ka Marang-rang a Likoloi, Inthanete ea indasteri, le metse e bohlale, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tlaleho ea data mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho beha leihlo, botlalo ba tshebetso, le kholo ea khoebo. Khothaletsa kaho ea bafofisi ba 5G Internet of Things ba behang leihlo ts'ireletso, ka ho tsoelang pele ho ntlafatsa Internet of Things poraefete network monitoring system, le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba tšehetso ea tekheniki joalo ka tlhokomeliso ea boemo ba ts'ireletso ba IoT indastering, temoso ya kotsi, le karabelo ya tshohanyetso.

Ea boraro ke ho potlakisa kaho ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang a Lintho le mokhoa oa tlhahlobo oa theknoloji. Theha papiso ea ts'ireletso le tikoloho ea netefatso bakeng sa maemo a tloaelehileng joalo ka matlo a bohlale le tlhahiso ea dijithale., le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea khoutu, ho sekena hoa maemo a kotsi haholo, netefatso ea mokhoa oa ho laola phihlello, tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea phetiso ea data, litlhahlobo tsa netefatso ea node ea marang-rang, etc. bakeng sa li-terminals tsa IoT, marang-rang, le platforms Work, aha bokhoni ba tekheniki joalo ka meepo e tlokotsing, litlhaselo tse etsisoang, le pokello ea bohlale, etsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea IoT khafetsa le mesebetsi ea liteko, fumana likotsi tsa ts'ireletso ka nako, le ho khothaletsa lik'hamphani tse amanang le IoT ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso.

Ts'ireletso ea IoT e ka ntlafala joang ka ho ts'oana nakong ea Marang-rang a Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe

Ea bone ke ho tsoela pele ho matlafatsa ts'ebelisano-'moho ea likhoebo tsa ts'ireletso ea Inthanete ea Lintho. Tsepamisa maikutlo ho "mefokolo ea bokhoni" le litaelo tsa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ts'ireletso ea terminal ea IoT, tshireletso ya marangrang, le tšireletso ea sethaleng, eketsa matsete licheleteng tse khethehileng tsa ts'ireletso ea IoT, etsa tlhahiso ea ts'ireletso ea IoT le litlholisano le likopano tsa khoebo, kopanya lisebelisoa tse holimo le tse tlase indastering, le ho bokella "mmuso-indasteri Ho hlaolela le ho khothaletsa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa ts'ireletso tsa IoT le tharollo, ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea boemo ba ts'ireletso ea liteishene tsa IoT, marang-rang, sethala le data, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo ea indasteri ea ts'ireletso ea IoT.

*Sengoliloeng sena se hatisitsoe ka "Lefatše la Puisano"
Hlahisa 925 Phato 10, 2023 Hlahisa 15
Sehlooho sa Pele: "IoT Security Risk Analysis and Countermeasures Research in the Internet of Everything Era"