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Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Radio Frequency Identification Technology ku-Laminated Wooden Doors
Izici zenqubo yokukhiqiza umnyango we-laminated kanye nezidingo zokuphatha, sebenzisa Amathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID ukuxazulula ukukhiqizwa, indawo yokugcina impahla, logistics, ukufakwa kanye nezinkinga emva kokuthengisa.
Abstract: Ngokwezici zenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zokuphatha iminyango yamapulangwe e-laminated, ukuhlonza ifrikhwensi yomsakazo (I-RFID) amathegi e-elekthronikhi asetshenziswa njengenkampani yenethiwekhi eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni, indawo yokugcina impahla, logistics, ukufakwa kanye emva-yokuthengisa, futhi kwakhiwa isistimu esabalalisiwe esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-RFID. Ukutholwa kolwazi lokwenziwa komnyango wokhuni kanye nesakhiwo semodeli yokucubungula, kanye nenqubo yokuqaliswa kwemojula yokusebenza ngayinye.
Imiphumela yohlelo lokusebenza ifakazela ukuthi le modeli yokuqoqwa kolwazi neyokucubungula ingangena esikhundleni sohlelo lwekhodi oluvamile lwezinhlangothi ezimbili, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga kunqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko ukuthi ikhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili kulula ukungcoliswa, amakhodi aphindaphindiwe, idatha ingafundwa kodwa ingabhalwa, nolwazi lwedatha alukho. Ukukhiqizwa kweminyango yokhuni Ukusebenza kahle kuye kwanda kusuka 1.5 min/iwindi ukuze 1.0 iminithi/iwindi, futhi isikhathi sokuphatha esiphelele sifinyeziwe 10-15 imizuzu/iwindi kuya 5 imizuzu/iwindi, ukuqaphela ukuhlanganiswa okugcwele kokucubungula umnyango wokhuni, indawo yokugcina impahla, logistics, ukufakwa nokugcinwa. ukuphathwa kwenqubo.
Amagama ayisihluthulelo: ukukhiqizwa komnyango wamapulangwe aminated, Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, ukuphathwa okudidiyelwe, Ubuchwepheshe be-IoT RFID
Njengengxenye yemboni yempahla yasekhaya yendabuko, Imboni yaseShayina yomnyango wamapulangwe ilokhu ikhulisa usayizi wayo wemakethe. Ngokujula koguquko lwedijithali nobuhlakani baseChina, ingenisa ithuba elikhulu loguquko, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokusungula kanye nentuthuko. Imodi yokukhiqiza yamanje yeminyango yamapulangwe yaseShayina ibonakala ngokukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nesakhiwo somkhiqizo kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusetshenziswa nezingxenye, futhi umkhiqizo unevelu ephezulu eyengeziwe. Izinga layo lokukhiqiza limelela izinga lokukhiqiza lemikhiqizo yezinkuni ezisezingeni eliphezulu eShayina ngezinga elithile.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlonza ifrikhwensi yomsakazo kumodi yokukhiqiza edidiyelwe yolwazi yezicabha zamapulangwe ezilamiwe
Okwamanje, izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamabhizinisi eminyango ehlukene yamapulangwe e-China zihluke kancane, futhi ukucushwa kwemishini kuyavumelana nezimo. Izinga lomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuncike kakhulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe labasebenzi kanye nemishini ezimela yodwa, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mude uma kuqhathaniswa.
Amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa ibhakhodi noma ikhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili njengesithwali solwazi ohlelweni lokucutshungulwa nokusakazwa kwezingxenye., ikakhulukazi ukuthembela ohlelweni lwe-MES lwemboni, ukuthembela kunethiwekhi ngokuxhumana, izidingo zemishini nazo ziphezulu, futhi umthamo wokugcina ulwazi mancane, umsebenzi wokufunda ngendlela eyodwa kuphela , indawo engaphezulu ivame ukonakala futhi ulwazi lokucubungula alukwazi ukufundwa, okwenza kube nzima ukulandelela inqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza kusixhumanisi sokuphatha, izibalo zokulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokukhiqiza azifika ngesikhathi futhi zinembile, abaphathi be-warehouse kunesiphithiphithi, futhi "imiyalo engalungile" kuvame ukuvela kuzixhumanisi zokuhamba nezokufaka. Isimanga, okubangela ukumoshwa kwesikhathi nezindleko zempahla ngokungadingekile.
I-Radio Frequency Identification (I-RFID) ubuchwepheshe ubuchwephesha bokuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo okungathinteki, umgomo okuwukungaxhumani kwedatha yedatha phakathi komfundi nomaka ukuhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo into eqondiwe nokuthola idatha efanele, inqubo yokuqaphela ayidingi ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla, futhi iyasebenza kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukene zezimboni.
I-RFID inezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu wokugcina, ibanga elide lokufunda, izinhloso zokuhlonza eziningi, kanye nokubethela kwedatha. Isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuthengisweni kwesitolo somnyango wezohwebo, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ezokuthutha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto.
Okwamanje, I-RFID isetshenziswe kwamanye amazwe angaphandle emkhakheni wefenisha nemikhiqizo yezinkuni. Ngokwesibonelo, Northway Industries, ifenisha yokhuni eyaziwayo nempahla yehhovisi ngokwezifiso e-United States, isebenzisa Amasistimu e-RFID ukulandelela inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo; Umthombo Ubuchwepheshe be-UHF RFID bahlanganiswa efekthri ye-Valede Cambra ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokonga izindleko zokuphatha; Thomasville Furniture Industries, umkhiqizi wefenisha waseMelika odumile, isebenzise inethiwekhi ye-RFID nengqalasizinda ukuhlinzeka ngokulandeleka komkhiqizo kumakhasimende amakhulu athengisa.
Okwamanje, kunemibiko embalwa ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID embonini yokukhiqiza iminyango yamapulangwe ekhaya naphesheya. Ngokubona lokhu, ngokwezici zokukhiqiza zeminyango yamapulangwe e-laminated kanye nezidingo zokuphatha umkhiqizo, lolu cwaningo luthatha I-RFID njengomthwali oyinhloko wokwenziwa komnyango wamapulangwe kanye nolwazi lokuphatha, ifunda imodi yokufaka isicelo yobuchwepheshe be-RFID emigqeni yokukhiqiza iminyango yamapulangwe, futhi yakha umnyango wokhuni owenziwe nge-laminated ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-RFID. Imodeli yesicelo yokuqoqwa kolwazi kanye nokucutshungulwa kokukhiqizwa kweminyango yamapulangwe ibona ukuqoqwa kolwazi kanye nokulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela nokuqapha yonke inqubo yokucubungula iminyango yokhuni., ezokuthutha, ukufakwa kanye emva-yokuthengisa.
1. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-RFID kanye nesimiso sokusebenza
Uhlelo lwe-RFID luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, kuhlanganise: Ithegi ye-elektroniki ye-RFID (TAG, i-transponder), umfundi nohlelo lokusebenza.
1) Ilebula ye-elekthronikhi ihlanganiswe eqabungeni lomnyango futhi iqukethe i-chip ne-tag antenna. I-chip ezinikele iyisiphathi sedatha esikhulu sokuhlonza ifrikhwensi yomsakazo. Idatha ngefomethi ethile igcinwa ku-chip ezinikele njengolwazi olufundiwe lomkhiqizo ozokhonjwa. I-antenna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuxhumana neyunithi yefrikhwensi yomsakazo kumfundi.
2) Umfundi uyithuluzi lokufunda noma lokufunda nokubhala imininingwane yethegi ye-elekthronikhi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula iyunithi yefrikhwensi yomsakazo wangaphakathi ukuze idlulisele amasignali okufunda kumaki kagesi, thola impendulo yethegi, futhi uthumele idatha yokuhlonza umkhiqizo kanye nolunye ulwazi olufanele kumaka kumsingathi.
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa ngokuyinhloko i-splied reader ukuze ifunde imininingwane yokucubungula idatha ekugcineni kwemishini yokukhiqiza, futhi isebenzisa isifundi esiphathwa ngesandla ukuphatha inqubo yomkhiqizo endaweni yokugcina, ukuthutha kanye nomhlangano weminyango yokhuni.
3) Uhlelo lohlelo lokusebenza lwakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-middleware ne-application software. I-middleware ingabhala futhi ifunde idatha kumaki ngokusebenzisa umfundi, bese uxhuma isifundi nesofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza. Isofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi kanye nesofthiwe yolwazi lokuphatha, njengokuphathwa kwezinsiza zebhizinisi (izinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu nemikhiqizo, APS), I - enterprise Resources Planning (I - enterprise Resources Planning, ERP) kanye nokucubungula izinkuni umklamo/ukukhiqiza osizwa yikhompyutha (izinkuni CAD/CAM, I-WCC), njll. Ukwakheka okuqondile kukhonjiswe Emdwebeni 1.
Umfanekiso 1 Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-RFID - Isibonelo sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-IOT
Umgomo wokusebenza wesistimu ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi iqabunga lomnyango elifakwe ilebula le-elekthronikhi lingena endaweni kazibuthe ye-antenna., ithola isignali yenkampani yenethiwekhi ethunyelwe yi-front-end (noma itheminali yeselula) umfundi wemishini yokucubungula, ithola amandla adingekayo ngomsinga owenziwe, futhi ithumela isignali egcinwe ku-chip ezinikele. Imininingwane yomkhiqizo womnyango wezinkuni, noma thumela ngokuqhubekayo isignali ethile yefrikhwensi. Umfundi ufunda futhi ahlukanise imininingwane, futhi idlulisa amandla amaza omsakazo wefrikhwensi ethile ngesidluliseli se-antenna ukushayela isekethe ye-transponder ukuthumela idatha yangaphakathi ohlelweni lolwazi olumaphakathi ukuze luhlaziywe. Ekugcineni, le datha ithunyelwa kuhlelo lohlelo lokusebenza ukuze kucutshungulwe okuhambisanayo.
2. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iminyango yokhuni eyenziwe nge-laminated kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezidingo zesicelo se-RFID
2.1 Inqubo yokukhiqiza umnyango wamapulangwe aminated
Umnyango wokhuni owenziwe nge-laminated ungumnyango wokhuni owenziwe nge-veneer, iphepha lokuhlobisa noma ezinye izinto zokuhlobisa, futhi ifreyimu yomnyango igcwele izinto eziyinhloko zomnyango. Umnyango wokhuni wenziwe ngezinto eziningi ze-layer ngokusebenzisa i-lamination. Ukusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu kuya ngokuya kuthandwa ngabathengi. Kusukela ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuya ekufakweni komkhiqizo oqediwe, laminated iminyango ngokhuni kudingeka sidlule ekulungiseleleni impahla eluhlaza, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakisha, isitoreji, ukusatshalaliswa nokufakwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 2 Izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa iminyango yamapulangwe e-laminated
Uma kuqhathaniswa nefenisha yephaneli, umnyango wokhuni owenziwe nge-laminated uhlanganiswe ngemuva kokuthi iphaneli kanye nohlaka kuhlanganiswe, futhi into elandelayo yokucubungula iphelele, leyo, Kudingeka ithegi ye-electronic ye-RFID eyodwa noma ambalwa kakhulu ukuze kuqedelwe ukuqoqwa kolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma komnyango wokhuni we-laminated kuhleliwe, futhi ubukhulu kuphela obuhlukile ngokwezidingo zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ithatha indawo encane, futhi ngenxa yokuthi kunesikhala esithile ngaphakathi komgogodla womnyango, ilungele ukupakishwa kwamathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni iminyango yamapulangwe e-laminated, ngokuvamile kukhethwa ukubeka ithegi ye-electronic ye-RFID ngaphakathi kweqabunga lomnyango ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kohlaka nangaphambi kokuba iphaneli icindezelwe..
2.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezidingo Zohlelo Lwe-RFID
Kunezinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza zeminyango yokhuni, futhi kuhileleke imishini eminingi. Nakuba imishini eminingi emgqeni wokukhiqiza umnyango wokhuni ingacutshungulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuqaphela amabhakhodi, bagxile kakhulu ekusaweni okunezinhlangothi ezine kweqabunga lomnyango, ukuvalwa komkhawulo, ukuvula izimbobo zehadiwe nezinye izixhumanisi. Ukuphathwa kwedijithali kwayo yonke inqubo akukenzeki, futhi iqoqo lemininingwane elizenzakalelayo layo yonke inqubo alikho, ukwenza ukuphathwa nokulawula ku-inthanethi kube nzima.
Uma kwenzeka inkinga yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma ukwehluleka kwemishini, kunzima ukukuxazulula ngokushesha, ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwe-RFID kusixhumanisi ngasinye sokukhiqizwa komnyango wamapulangwe kanye nokujikeleza zihlaziywa kanje.
1) Qaphela ukuphathwa okusobala kokukhiqiza. Ngokusebenzisa amathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID njengenkampani yenethiwekhi yolwazi, kungenzeka ukuthola nokubhala ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo semikhiqizo ezigabeni zokucubungula, ezokuthutha, ukufakwa kanye nokuthengiswa kwangemva kokuthengisa ngesikhathi sangempela nangempumelelo, futhi ubambe ngesikhathi esifanele ulwazi lwesimo sokusebenza ezigabeni ezifanele zemikhiqizo eqhubekayo, ukuze kwahlulele abaphathi Nikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okwanele ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo.
RFID TAGS
2) Qaphela ukuphathwa okuncane kokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID ukuthola ukulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kungenza amabhizinisi azi isimo sokukhiqiza ngesikhathi esifanele., futhi ulungise kalula umthamo wokukhiqiza ngokwezidingo ze-oda nezixhumanisi zenqubo, ukuze kwandiswe ibhalansi yokukhiqiza. Le ndlela ingenza ukuphathwa kwe-workshop kunciphe kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa nezimo ngaphezulu, futhi usize amabhizinisi ukuthi azuze ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okunempumelelo kakhudlwana.
3) Qaphela ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngobuchwepheshe be-RFID, ulwazi lwe-oda lamaqoqo ahlukene, imininingwane, osayizi, nemibala yeminyango yokhuni ingabonakala futhi igcinwe, kanye nokulandelana kokucubungula kwemishini yokucubungula njengokucindezela kweqabunga lomnyango, ukusaha ezinhlangothini ezine, kanye ne-hardware hole slot processing ingalawulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. izinga.
4) Qaphela ukulawulwa kwe-inthanethi kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kuhloswe ngezinkinga zokusaha ezinhlangothini ezine, ukuvalwa komkhawulo, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-hardware hole groove ohlelweni lwamanje lokukhiqiza umnyango wokhuni, ukuchotshozwa komphetho, zishile, imithungo eveziwe, imihuzuko, imigodi, i-hardware hole groove dislocation, futhi ukudideka kokucubungula kohlobo kulula ukwenzeka. Izici ezifundekayo nezibhalekayo zamathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID, ngosizo lomshini wokubona ubuchwepheshe, ibhala ngokuzenzakalelayo imininingwane engafanele kumathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID ngaphakathi komnyango wokhuni, ibona ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kwemikhiqizo engafanelekile esigabeni sakamuva, futhi ingalandelela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi ukuze ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
5) Qaphela ukuphathwa kolwazi lwe-warehousing kanye nempahla. Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuhlonza amabanga amade wamathegi e-electronic e-RFID kungathuthukisa izinga lokuphathwa kolwazi lendlu yokugcina izinto., ukuhlonza ngokushesha ulwazi lwe-oda nendawo yokugcina umkhiqizo, ukwenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kanye nezinqubo zokwamukela ukungena nokuphuma endaweni yokugcina impahla, futhi ugcine ukuhlola, ukuqopha, kanye nokucutshungulwa okudingwa yimisebenzi yezandla yendabuko. Inventory nezinye izixhumanisi. Enqubweni yokusabalalisa, Ubuchwepheshe bomaka be-RFID bamukelwa, okunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa yimpahla engafanele kanye namaphutha okuthumela, futhi uthuthukise izinga lesevisi.
6) Ukufeza ukunemba kokusabalalisa nokufakwa. Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokufunda nokubhala we-RFID tags electronic kungaqinisekisa ukunemba kweminyango yokhuni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso endaweni yokusabalalisa nokufaka., ukugwema ukwenzeka kwe "ukuhleleka okungalungile" kanye nokubangela ukuchitha isikhathi nezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo ngokungadingekile.
3. Imodi yesicelo se-RFID emgqeni wokukhiqiza womnyango wokhuni owenziwe nge-laminated
3.1 Ukwakhiwa Kwesistimu Yemodeli Esabalalisiwe
Ngokwezici zenqubo yokukhiqiza umnyango we-laminated wokhuni kanye nezidingo zokuphathwa komkhiqizo, uhlaka lwemodeli yokwenziwa komnyango wamapulangwe elaminethiwe olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-RFID luyafundwa. Yamukela uhlaka lokusabalalisa olume mpo futhi ikakhulukazi luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: isendlalelo sokulawula, isendlalelo sokwenza kanye nesendlalelo sebhizinisi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Bonisa.
Fig.4 Uhlaka lwemodeli yokukhiqiza izicabha zokhuni ezisatshalaliswe zibheke phezulu ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-RFID
1) Lawula isendlalelo: isho inethiwekhi yokulawula ishabhu ehlanganiswe izifundi ezigxilile ezihlukanisiwe nezinzwa ezihlobene ezifakwe kumishini efana nokuhlanganisa amaphaneli., ukusaha ezinhlangothini ezine, ibhande lomphetho, kanye nokucubungula imbobo yehadiwe, futhi iqedela ukulawula idivayisi esendaweni ngamakhompyutha , kufaka phakathi isilawuli se-logic ehlelekayo (I-PLC), ithuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo wekhompyutha (ukulawulwa kwezinombolo zekhompyutha, CNC), ukulawulwa kwezinombolo ezisabalalisiwe (ukulawulwa kwezinombolo ezisabalalisiwe, I-DNC) kanye nohlelo lokulawula olusabalalisiwe (uhlelo lokulawula olusabalalisiwe, I-DCS) nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuqoqa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi uxhume imininingwane yedatha yomkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa amathegi e-electronic e-RFID asethiwe emnyango wokhuni, ukuthola ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi lwedatha phakathi kolwazi lwemishini namasistimu esoftware eziteshini ezahlukahlukene nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa. ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinga lokuphatha.
2) Isendlalelo sokwenza: ibhekisela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lokukhiqiza (uhlelo lokukhiqiza, I-MES) ukuphathwa nokulandelela izinto, ukukhiqiza, izinga, imishini, amaqoqo ezingxenye ezibalulekile nolunye ulwazi kunqubo yokukhiqiza.
Amamojula ahlukene asebenzayo angasethwa ukuze aqedele ukubola okuningiliziwe kolwazi lokuphathwa kokukhiqiza kungqimba yebhizinisi, kanye nokuphathwa kwesayithi kwedivayisi ngayinye kusendlalelo sokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo nevamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuzwela kokuphathwa kwendawo kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha kwempahla, ukuqapha isimo semishini, ukuqapha inqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza, kanye nokuqapha isimo sekhwalithi, kanye nemininingwane yedatha ehlaziywe futhi yacutshungulwa ingadluliselwa kubaphathi bebhizinisi ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinqumo zokukhiqiza.
3) Isendlalelo sebhizinisi: ikakhulukazi isho uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokusebenza lwebhizinisi oludingwa yibhizinisi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokumaketha okuvamile, okuhlanganisa nokulawula ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza, I - enterprise Resources Planning, ukulawula izinga lomkhiqizo, ukugcinwa nokusabalalisa, ukufakwa kanye nokuthengiswa kwangemva kokuthengisa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha kwamabhizinisi futhi kuthuthukise ukunemba kwezinqumo zokuphatha.
Nikeza ngesitikha se-RFID Yelebula Lemvamisa Ephakeme ye-RFID - I-RF Chip - I-China Electronic Label Manufacturer
3.2 Ukwakheka kwemojuli esebenzayo
Ngokwezidingo ze ukukhiqiza umnyango wokhuni kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla, uhlaka lohlaka lokwenziwa komnyango wokhuni olusatshalaliswe mpo olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-RFID luhlanganisa amamojula amahlanu asebenzayo: imojula yokuphatha inqubo, ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo module, module yokuqapha izinga lomkhiqizo, imojula yokugcina nokusabalalisa, kanye nokufaka imojuli yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. Lawa mamojula angahlinzeka ngolwazi lwedatha olufanele ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene, ukuze kuqashelwe ukuphatha kahle kanye nokusebenza okulungiselelwe komugqa wokukhiqiza womnyango wamapulangwe.
