Idizayini yesiteshi esingaphansi sohlobo lwebhokisi esingu-10kV esisekelwe kuplathifomu ye-Gizwits IoT + I-STM32

Isistimu yokulawula kude ye-10kV yohlobo lwebhokisi ehlakaniphile eyethulwe kulesi sihloko yaklanywa futhi yathuthukiswa ngu-Tian Hui we-Xi'an University of Science and Technology..

Uhlelo luthatha idizayini yesistimu ehlakaniphile yokuguqula amabhokisi engu-10kV yefulethi labafundi ekolishi njengesizinda sobunjiniyela., futhi iklama isistimu yokuguqula amabhokisi engu-10kV esekelwe ku I-inthanethi Yezinto. Uhlelo luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ungqimba lokubona, ungqimba lokuxhumana kanye nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza. Isendlalelo sokubona sinesibopho sokuqoqwa kwedatha yenzwa nokudluliselwa kusilawuli senkambu.

Kubandakanya okokusebenza kwesistimu yesibili njengamadivayisi okuvikela amakhompyutha amancane, amamitha enethiwekhi ahlakaniphile, kanye nezilawuli zesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezinto ezihlonza imvelo njengezinga lokushisa nomswakama, bhema, nezinzwa zokucwiliswa emanzini. Isilawuli esikusayithi sisebenzisa i-STM32 microprocessor eshumekiwe, kufaka phakathi isibonisi se-LCD, imojuli ye-alamu yezwi, edluliselwe kanye GPRS ukuxhumana module, njll.; isendlalelo sokuxhumana sisebenzisa ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-GPRS, enesibopho sokudluliswa kwedatha yezindlela ezimbili phakathi kwesilawuli esikusayithi kanye neplathifomu yamafu; Inkundla yamafu ye-Gizwits ithuthukisa uhlelo lokuqapha olukude nohlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwama-box-type transformer, enesibopho sokugcina, ukuhlaziywa nokucutshungulwa kwedatha yokusebenza kwe-transformer yebhokisi.

This system finally realizes the user's remote monitoring of environmental parameters such as variable temperature and humidity, i-alamu yomusi kanye namanzi omgodi wesisekelo, kanye nemingcele kagesi njengamanje, i-voltage, imvamisa namandla factor, kanye nesimo sokusebenza kwemishini nge-WEB yekhompyutha noma i-APP yeselula.

Uma kunokungajwayelekile noma iphutha ekusebenzeni kwe-box-type transformer, uhlelo lokuqapha luyahlulela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lephutha, futhi ithumela i-alamu ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene zensimbi esendaweni, umakhalekhukhwini APP, I-SMS nefoni, njll., futhi yazisa abasebenzi abafanelekile ukuthi baqede izinkinga ezifihliwe ngesikhathi futhi bavimbele izingozi zikagesi. . Ilungele ukuqapha okukude nokuphathwa okuphakathi kwamabhokisi aguquguqukayo namagumbi okusabalalisa amandla, futhi ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lezobunhloli kanye nokuphepha kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini yokusabalalisa amandla ezikoleni, amabhizinisi nemiphakathi.

1. Isingeniso

Ngokwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezenhlalakahle kanye nenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, kunama-box transformer angu-10kV anda. Isiteshi esincane se-10kV sohlobo lwebhokisi ngokuvamile samukela indlela yokusebenza yokuhlola okuvamile okungagadiwe futhi okwenziwa ngesandla., enezinga eliphansi lobuhlakani futhi engenakho ukuqapha okukude kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu zamaphutha zemvelo nezinto zokusebenza. Okwamanje, ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ezihlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe obushumekiwe, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe be-cloud computing kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko, isiteshi esincane se-smart box-10kV esisekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto sesiphenduke inketho engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kweziteshi ezincane zohlobo lwebhokisi ezivamile.

Isistimu yokuqapha eyirimothi yohlobo lwebhokisi yohlobo lwebhokisi esekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto ingaqapha ikude indawo yesiteshi sohlobo lwebhokisi, imingcele yokusebenza kanye nesimo semishini ngesikhathi sangempela. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuqapha bekude amapharamitha emvelo afana nezinga lokushisa nomswakama webhokisi, inhlabamkhosi yentuthu, kanye nokunqwabelana kwamanzi emigodini yesisekelo, kanye nemingcele kagesi njengamanje, i-voltage, imvamisa, kanye nesici samandla, kanye nesimo semishini ngamakhompuyutha noma ama-APP eselula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lapho ibhokisi lesiteshi esincane lisebenza ngendlela engavamile noma yehluleka, uhlelo lokuqapha luzokwazisa ngokuzenzakalelayo abasebenzi abafanele ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ze-APP yomakhalekhukhwini, I-SMS kanye nocingo ngokwezinga lephutha, ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha afihliwe ngesikhathi nokuvimbela izingozi zikagesi.

10i-kV smart box-type substation esekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto

Isistimu yokuqapha ekude yesiteshi esincane sohlobo lwebhokisi ehlakaniphile iqukethe a "fieldbus LAN" ngaphakathi kwesiteshi sohlobo lwebhokisi kanye a "inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi yesikhulumi samafu" ngaphandle kwesiteshi sohlobo lwebhokisi. Le modeli yesakhiwo ingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude zemishini yesibili yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi amasistimu okuqapha akude, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushajwa kukagesi zokuhlala, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhlakani kanye nezinga lokuphatha lemishini yendabuko kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zendabuko.. Inenani elihle lohlelo lokusebenza.

2. Idizayini yohlelo lulonke

Idizayini yesiteshi esingaphansi sohlobo lwebhokisi elihlakaniphile esisekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto isuselwe ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi esingaphansi sohlobo lwebhokisi elihlakaniphile elingu-10kV efulethini labafundi basekolishi.. Idizayini yokuqala yesistimu ye-10kV ehlakaniphile yohlobo lwe-transformer iyafana neyendabuko ye-10kV ye-box-type transformer, futhi kuthanda ukuvuthwa. Lesi sihloko sigxile ekwakhiweni okukhaliphile kwe-smart box-type transformer engu-10kV. Okulandelayo isifinyezo esifushane sokuqukethwe komklamo wesistimu eyinhloko ye-smart box-type transformer engu-10kV.

2.1 Idizayini yesistimu eyinhloko yesiteshi esingaphansi sohlobo lwebhokisi esingu-10kV

Umthwalo wamandla kaNo. 5 Isakhiwo sefulethi labafundi enyuvesi ikakhulukazi sikhanyisa, amakhompyutha kanye nemithwalo emisha ye-air conditioner. Indawo yokulala ngayinye ibalwa njenge 8 abantu, umthwalo wokukhanyisa ngu-100W, umthwalo wekhompyutha womfundi ngamunye ungama-200W, futhi isiphanyeko ngasinye sohlobo oluhlukanisayo lwe-1.5P sisanda kufakwa nama-air conditioner Amandla angu-1.3kW, futhi umthwalo wegumbi lokulala elilodwa ungu-3.0kW. Ngokusho kwe "Imanuwali Yedizayini Yokuhlinzeka Ngogesi Wezimboni kanye Nomphakathi", the dormitory's power load demand coefficient is 0.7, futhi isici samandla si 0.8.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukwanda komthwalo kagesi efulethini labafundi esikhathini esizayo, i-transformer idinga ukugcina umkhawulo othile, kanye ne-transformer enamandla angu-1000kVA ikhethiwe. Kucatshangelwa izindleko zokuqala zokutshala nezindleko zokusebenza kwe-transformer, kanye nezidingo zenqubomgomo kazwelonke yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, i-transformer ecwiliswe uwoyela elahlekelwe okuphansi evalwe ngokugcwele i-S13-M-1000/10-0.4 ikhethelwa le njongo..

Ngesisekelo sokubala kwezibalo zomthwalo, ukubala kwesifunda esifushane, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqina okuguquguqukayo nokuqinisekiswa kokuzinza kokushisa, imishini eyinhloko yesistimu eyinhloko ye-box-type transformer ikhethiwe. Amamodeli athile kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yemishini eyinhloko yesistimu eyinhloko iboniswa kuThebula 3, Ithebula 4, Ithebula 5 kanye neThebula 6.

Ngokwezidingo zokuklama zeNo. 5 Isiteshi esincane sebhokisi lephrojekthi yefulethi labafundi kanye nokubalwa komklamo oyinhloko wesistimu, umdwebo wezintambo oyinhloko wesistimu eyinhloko eklanyelwe yeNo. 5 Isiteshi sebhokisi lefulethi labafundi sikhonjisiwe Emdwebeni 2.

Umfanekiso 2 : Umdwebo wezintambo oyinhloko wesistimu eyinhloko yesiteshi esincane sohlobo lwebhokisi efulethini labafundi enyuvesi

2.2 I-Intelligent Design Scheme ye-10kV Box Transformer

Iqondiswe ekudizayineni okungalungile kanye nezinkinga ezikhona ekuphathweni kokusebenza kwesiteshi esincane se-10kV esivamile sohlobo lwebhokisi., ukhiye wokuxazulula inkinga usekwakheni isistimu yeluphu evaliwe ukuze kutholwe, ukuqapha okukude kanye ne-alamu yendawo ehlakaniphile yesiteshi sohlobo lwebhokisi kanye nemishini, futhi umklamo unokuqapha okukude kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nempahla kagesi Isistimu ye-transformer yebhokisi ehlakaniphile enemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ingaqoqa futhi iqaphe imingcele yemvelo efana nokulawula ukufinyelela kwebhokisi le-transformer, izinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nomswakama, inhlabamkhosi yentuthu, namanzi emseleni wekhebula, kanye ne-voltage, okwamanje, amandla asebenzayo, amandla asebenzayo, isici samandla, izinga lokushisa lekhebula, i-transformer yensimbi, njll.

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba nesignali ye-alamu yegesi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza nemingcele, isilawuli kude sokukhipha fan, idivayisi yokuvikela i-microcomputer kanye neswishi ye-circuit breaker.

Uhlelo lwamukela amathuluzi ahlakaniphile nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile ezinemisebenzi yokuxhumana evame ukusetshenziswa kumasayithi wezimboni, futhi idlulisele idatha eqoqiwe kusilawuli sasensimini ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwebhasi yasensimini, futhi isilawuli senkambu sidlulisela idatha kuseva noma ikhompuyutha yokusingatha ifu ngemojula yokuxhumana engenantambo noma enezintambo. Bona imisebenzi efana ne-telemetry, isilawuli kude nesilawuli kude.

Isistimu yokuqapha ekude ye-10kV intelligent box transformer esekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto isebenzisa amathuluzi ahlakaniphile nezinzwa ezinomsebenzi wokuxhumana wedijithali wezindlela ezimbili., futhi yamukela ngendlela efanayo isixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi le-RS485 kanye nephrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-Modbus-RTU. Isistimu yokuqapha ekude ye-intelligent box transformer esekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: ungqimba lokubona, isendlalelo sokuxhumana kanye nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza.
* Isendlalelo sokubona: ngokusebenzisa amamitha ahlukahlukene ahlakaniphile nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile ukuqoqa izindawo ezihlukahlukene, imingcele yokusebenza kwemishini kanye nesimo sokusebenza kwemishini ye-transformer yebhokisi, futhi idlulisele idatha kusilawuli sasensimini ngebhasi le-RS485. Isilawuli senkambu sinesistimu yokusebenza eyakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi sinokuqoqwa kwedatha, Ikhompyutha, ukucubungula nokulawula imisebenzi.
* Isendlalelo sokuxhumana: Lesi sendlalelo siwukuxhumana nesixhumanisi sokudluliswa kwedatha nokushintshisana, futhi unesibopho sokudluliswa kwedatha ngezindlela ezimbili phakathi kweplathifomu yefu nesilawuli esikusayithi. Ngokwezimo zokuxhumana zangempela ze-box-type transformer, izindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana ezifana nentambo ye-optical cable, I-Ethernet noma i-GPRS engenantambo ingakhethwa ukudlulisa idatha endaweni yamafu.
*Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza: Dala futhi uthuthukise isistimu yokuqapha ekude yama-box-type transformer endawenikazi yamafu, onesibopho sokuthumela, ukuthola nokucubungula idatha yomlando, ukuqapha okukude kwemingcele yokusebenza kwe-box-type transformer, kanye nokugcinwa kwerekhodi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yokusebenza komcimbi. Futhi uthuthukise i-WEB ne-APP yeselula endaweni yesikhulumi samafu, osebenza ngogesi osemsebenzini angakwazi ukuqapha idatha yokusebenza nesimo sokusebenza se-box transformer nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngekhompyutha noma i-APP yeselula.

3. Idizayini yezingxenyekazi zesistimu

3.1 Inethiwekhi yendawo yebhasi ye-RS485 yendawo yebhokisi ye-transformer

Ngokuthuthuka nenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe obushumekiwe kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko, amathuluzi amaningi okubona, izinzwa kanye nama-actuator anama-microprocessors akhelwe ngaphakathi ngamaphutha nezinkinga zokudluliselwa kolwazi lwemishini yensimu yohlobo lwebhokisi yendabuko., engaqedela ukuguqulwa kwe-ADDA kanye nomugqa kanye nokuhlunga kwedijithali. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha yokuxhumana yengezwa ngaphakathi kwalawa madivayisi enkundla yedijithali, kanye nokuxhumana okulandelanayo kwezindlela ezimbili phakathi kwemishini yasensimini kungenziwa kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe.

Inethiwekhi yamabhasi ezimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje.

Esinye sezihluthulelo ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuqapha olukude lwama-smart box-type transformers ukukhetha izinsimbi nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile ezinemisebenzi yokuxhumana yedijithali yezindlela ezimbili., kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile nezihlanganisiwe zamabhasi kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana. Kusukela kumkhuba wobunjiniyela we-10kV smart box-type transformation design kuNo. 5 ifulethi labafundi, ibhasi le-RS485 kanye nephrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-Modbus-RTU ngokuvamile esekelwa izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ziyakhethwa.

Ngokomdwebo oyinhloko wezintambo zesistimu eyinhloko ye-box-transformer efulethini labafundi ekolishi kanye nomdwebo webhulokhi yesistimu yesistimu yokuqapha ekude ye-10kV yebhokisi-transformer, idizayini yehadiwe yesistimu ithatha isilawuli sensimu ye-box-transformer njengomongo, futhi iqukethe idivayisi yokuvikela ehlanganisiwe yekhompyutha encane, imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile namandla ahlakaniphile asebenzayo Impahla yesistimu yesibili njengezinxephezelo, nezinzwa zokubona imvelo ezifana izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama izinzwa intuthu, Izinzwa zokushisa ze-PT100 nezinzwa zokungena kwamanzi zakha inethiwekhi yendawo yebhasi ye-RS485 yendawo yokuguqula ibhokisi kuya ebhokisini.. Umdwebo wesistimu yenethiwekhi yendawo yamabhasi e-RS485 webhokisi lesiguquli uboniswa kuMfanekiso 4.

Umdwebo wesistimu yenethiwekhi yendawo yamabhasi we-RS485 wesizinda soguquko sohlobo lwebhokisi

(1) Ibhasi lokuxhumana le-RS485

Imodi yokuxhumana yebhasi le-RS485 iyimodi yesigqila esikhulu, futhi idivayisi master polls idivayisi isigqila ngamunye ukuxhumana, kanye nenethiwekhi ye-one-to-multi-point ingasungulwa ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo olusabalalisiwe. I-interface ye-RS485 iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esisetshenziswa kakhulu esinesivinini esiphansi, kanye ne-RS485 interface inezimpawu ezilandelayo.
* Isixhumanisi se-RS485.

Ukuxhumana kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-RS485 kusebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa ehlukile, futhi inenhlanganisela yomshayeli olinganiselayo kanye nomamukeli ohlukile, futhi isebenzisa umehluko we-voltage kuzo zombili iziphetho zekhebula ukuze idlulise amasignali, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulwa nomsindo.
* Ibhasi le-RS485 linezinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisela. Ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela limayelana 1200 amamitha, futhi izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa ngu-10Mbps; izinga layo lokudlulisela lilingana ngokuphambene nebanga lokudlulisela, kanye nebanga eliphezulu lokudlulisa lingafinyelelwa uma izinga lingaphansi kuka-20kbps.
* Sekela ama-node amaningi. Ngenjwayelo, iluphu yebhasi ye-RS485 ingasekela ngokwethiyori 247 amanodi wedivayisi.

(2) I-Modbus-RTU serial communication protocol

Iphrothokholi ye-Modbus isetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yamabhasi ezimboni. Ngokusebenzisa iphrothokholi, ukuxhumana kwedatha kungenziwa phakathi kwesilawuli kanye nemishini yasensimini. Izinto zokusebenza ezikhiqizwe abakhiqizi abahlukene zingakha uhlelo lokuqapha inethiwekhi yamabhasi ezimboni ngokulandela umthetho olandelwayo obumbene. Iphrothokholi inokwakheka kwesigqila esiyinhloko, i-master node eyodwa kunethiwekhi, kanti ezinye ziyizigqila, futhi indawo yesigqila ngayinye inekheli ledivayisi eliyingqayizivele.

Kunethiwekhi yamabhasi e-serial, i-master node iqala umyalo, futhi wonke amathuluzi ezinceku azothola umyalo. Umyalo we-Modbus uqukethe ikheli ledivayisi yesigqila ekhipha umyalo, futhi idivayisi yesigqila ekhethwe umshini omkhulu iphendula kuqala bese ikhipha umyalo. Kukhona amasheke emiyalweni ye-Modbus ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imiyalo efikayo ayonakaliswanga.. Imiyalo ye-Modbus ingayalela i-RTU ukuthi iguqule inani layo lerejista, funda noma lawula imbobo ye-I/O, bese uyala idivayisi ukuthi ibuyisele idatha yokubhalisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

I-Modbus ihlanganisa i-ASCII, I-RTU ne-TCP izinhlobo ezintathu zemiyalezo. Imodi yokudlulisa ye-ASCII, I-Checksum ye-LRC, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela, kodwa enembile, elula futhi kulula ukulungisa iphutha. Imodi yokudlulisa ye-RTU, usebenzisa ukuhlola kwe-CRC, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa, iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-ASCII. Sengisho nje, uma inani ledatha okufanele lidluliselwe lincane, ungacabanga ukusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-ASCII; uma inani ledatha okufanele lidluliselwe lilikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, kungcono ukusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-RTU. Ngokwalesi sizathu, amathuluzi nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile zalesi simiso zisebenzisa imodi yokuxhumana ye-Modbus-RTU ngokufanayo.

3.2 Idizayini yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha yesilawuli senkundla ye-Box Transformer

Isilawuli senkambu se-transformer yebhokisi sakhiwe isistimu eshumekiwe. Isistimu eshumekiwe i-application-centric, isoftware kanye nehardware kungenziwa ngendlela efanele, futhi uqaphela imishini ezenzakalelayo, ubuhlakani, kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha ekude. Yakhiwa ikakhulukazi ama-microprocessors ashumekiwe, hardware ehlobene, amasistimu okusebenza ashumekiwe, kanye nezinhlelo zesoftware yohlelo lokusebenza.

(1) Isistimu encane ye-STM32 microprocessor

Isistimu encane ye-microprocessor eshumekiwe ihlanganisa i-microprocessor eshumekiwe, setha kabusha isekethe nokulungisa iphutha. Isekhethi yewashi inikeza isignali yewashi yangaphandle edingekayo, isifunda sokusetha kabusha sinikeza isimo sokuqala esihlanganisiwe, futhi isifunda sokulungisa iphutha sinikeza isikhombimsebenzisi sokulanda uhlelo nokulungisa iphutha.
* Inketho eshumekiwe ye-microprocessor. Ngokwezidingo ze-10kV intelligent box transformer monitoring system yokusebenza kwesilawuli esisendaweni, lolu hlelo lukhetha i-chip ye-STM32F103ZET6 njenge-microprocessor eyinhloko yesilawuli esikusayithi.. I-STM32F103ZET6 i-microprocessor eshumekiwe, I-MCU inokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu. Ifanele izidingo ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha wezimboni, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokutholwa kwedatha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwalolu hlelo.
* I-Crystal oscillator circuit. I-crystal oscillator circuit inikeza i-fixed frequency pulse ku-microprocessor ukwenza i-microprocessor isebenze ngokujwayelekile.. I-STM32 microprocessor inama-crystal oscillator amabili, i-crystal oscillator engu-8MHz inikeza iwashi langaphandle elinesivinini esikhulu, kanye ne-crystal oscillator engu-32.768KHz inikeza iwashi langaphandle elinesivinini esiphansi.

* Setha kabusha isekethe. Umsebenzi wesekethe yokusetha kabusha i-microprocessor ukuqala kabusha uhlelo. Lapho uhlelo lwehluleka, cindezela inkinobho yokusetha kabusha ukuze uqale kabusha idivayisi. Ngokuvamile, isifunda sokusetha kabusha sisebenzisa isignali yezinga eliphansi ukuze iqalise kabusha.

(2) Idizayini yesekethe yamandla

Uhlelo lukhetha ugesi wangaphandle we-DC one-voltage elinganiselwe engu-12V (2A), bese ukhetha i-DC 5V (2A) i-adaptha yamandla ene-USB interface ukunikeza amandla kusilawuli senkambu. Ugesi we-12V DC uxhunywe ebhodini lokulawula, kanye nogesi we-DC 12V wehliswa ukuze kutholwe ugesi we-DC 5V ngemojula ye-LM2596S eyehlayo.. I-voltage engu-5V ibe isidluliswa ku-chip yesilawuli ye-AMS1117-3.3V ukuze ithole i-voltage engu-3.3V ukuze inikeze amandla ku-chip ye-STM32. Umdwebo wesekethe we-LM2596S kanye ne-AMS1117-3.3V yesilawuli sokuphakelwa kwamandla kuboniswa kuMfanekiso. 8.

(3) Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-RS485 kumojuli ye-TTL

I-interface ye-RS485 kumojula ye-TTL ibona ukuguqulwa kwezindlela ezimbili kanye nokuxhumana kwesignali ye-RS485 nesignali ye-TTL, kodwa isignali kufanele yenziwe ngokushintshana, futhi ayikwazi ukwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Wonke amadivayisi enkambu asebenzisa le mojula ukuze axhumane nesilawuli esincane, futhi umdwebo wezintambo ukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 9.

I-Wiring Diagram ye-TFT-LCD ne-STM32 MCU - Umfanekiso 9

(4) Imodeli ye-LCD yokubonisa

Njengoba isilawuli esikusayithi sesistimu yokuqapha okukude yohlobo lwebhokisi sidinga ukubonisa izinombolo nezinhlamvu eziningi, isibonisi esingu-2.8-inch TFT-LCD liquid crystal sikhethwa njengemojula yokubonisa, futhi kukhona isilawuli se-ILI9341 ngaphakathi. Cabanga nge-STM32 ingaxhumana ne-ILI9341 ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI, 8080 isikhombikubona noma isixhumi esibonakalayo se-RGB. Ukuze uzuze izinga lokuvuselela ngokushesha, I-TFT-LCD isebenzisa 8080 i-parallel data bus interface. Idatha ye-STM32 ikhipha idatha kumemori yesilawuli ye-ILI9341 ngokusebenzisa imojuli ye-FSMC yememori eguquguqukayo..

(5) Imojuli ye-alamu yezwi

Lapho i-STM32 microprocessor ithola ukuthi kukhona okungavamile noma iphutha kudatha yokusebenza yebhokisi le-transformer., izothumela umlayezo embobeni ye-serial futhi iqale i-alamu yezwi. Imojuli ye-alamu yezwi ikhetha i-chip yezwi evame ukusetshenziswa SYN6288, futhi isakaza ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi lwe-alamu yezwi ngokohlelo oluhleliwe. Uhlelo lusebenzisa ikhodi ye-GB2312, efanele ukushintshaniswa kolwazi ekucutshungulweni kwezinhlamvu zesiShayina kanye nokuxhumana kwezinhlamvu zesiShayina. I-SYN6288 futhi ibona ngokunembile izinombolo, izikhathi nezinsuku, kanye namayunithi okulinganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu.

(6) Imojula yokudlulisa

Isilawuli senkundla sikhetha iqembu lamamojula we-2-way optocouupler isolation relay ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwensimbi ye-alamu ye-DC 12V nesifeni., kanye ne-220V AC solid state relay ingakhethwa ngokuya ngohlobo lokuphakelwa kwamandla namandla ohlobo lwebhokisi lokukhipha umoya.. Imojula ngayinye yesekethe edluliswayo inoxhumana nabo abavulekile futhi abavamise ukuvala, kanye nenkomba yesimo se-LED; isifunda edluliselwe ngamunye ihlukaniswe optocouplers, futhi ifakwe i-freewheeling diode yokukhulula i-voltage ebangelwe yesidluliseli futhi ivikele isekethe yangaphambilini.. Lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient lebhokisi le-transformer lidlula ububanzi obuthile, isilawuli esikusayithi sikhipha izinga eliphezulu, futhi i-optocoupler isolation relay eyodwa yenza isenzo sokuvula ifeni ukuze iphole; lapho kwenzeka amaphutha angathi sína njengokugcwala kwentuthu ngokweqile, isilawuli sishayela enye i-optocouupler isolation relay ukuze ixhume I-alamu yensimbi loop ithumela i-alamu esizeni. Ngomdwebo wesimiso sokusebenza we-relay kanye nomdwebo wokuxhumana phakathi kwemodyuli edluliselwe kanye ne-STM32 chip., sicela uxhumane nomkhiqizi bese uthumela isicelo.

(7) Imojula yokuxhumana

Ngokwezidingo zokuklama ze-10kV intelligent box transformer monitoring system, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-intelligent box transformer kanye nefu ikhetha indlela yokuxhumana engenantambo ye-GPRS enezindleko eziphansi zethrafikhi. Gizwits firmware GPRS module.
*Gizwits firmware GPRS module (G510_GAgent firmware). Le mojula iwuhlelo lohlelo lokusebenza olusebenza kumamojula ahlukahlukene okuxhumana, inikeza imisebenzi efana nokudluliswa kwezindlela ezimbili zamafu nedatha yedivayisi yomkhiqizo, ukucushwa kwedivayisi kunethiwekhi, ukutholakala nokubopha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Umdwebo wesekethe phakathi kwemojuli ye-GPRS nesilawuli esikhulu ungatholwa ngokuthintana nomkhiqizi.

*Imodeli ye-GPRS-GA6. Le mojula ingabona ukudluliswa kwezwi, umyalezo omfushane kanye nedatha esebenzisa amandla aphansi. Ilungele izidingo zokuklama ezahlukahlukene ezinhlelweni ze-M2M, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo ehlangene. Okwesibili, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana isebenzisa i-UART serial port bus transmission, isebenzisa imiyalo ye-AT ejwayelekile ukulawula imojula, bese ukhetha izinga le-baud lika-115200bps. Xhumana ne- Umkhiqizi we-IoT ngomdwebo wesekethe yokuxhuma yemojula ye-GPRS-GA6 kanye ne-STM32 microcontroller.

3.3 Idivayisi yokuvikela ehlanganisa i-Microcomputer

Ngokuvumelana ne-power transformer yokuvikela ukucaciswa komklamo (I-GB/T 50062-2008), 10Iziguquli ze-kV ngokuvamile zidinga ukufaka ukuvikeleka kwe-overcurrent ngomkhawulo wesikhathi. Idivayisi yokuvikela ikhompyutha encane inokuvikela, imisebenzi yokulinganisa nokulawula yama-transformer nemigqa, kanye nemisebenzi yokutholwa kwedatha, ukuqapha kanye nokuzihlola kwesistimu, futhi unokuzwela okuphezulu nokuthembeka.

Ngokwezidingo zokuklama kwebhokisi elihlakaniphile le-10kV efulethini labafundi, idivayisi yokuvikela ebanzi ye-microcomputer yohlobo lwamanje ye-Ankerui AM3-I enomsebenzi wokuxhumana we-RS485 ikhethiwe, nge IA, IB, IC, UA, UB, UC, P, Q, Fr kanye nezinye izilinganiso zikagesi Ipharamitha, 8-ukutholwa kwesiginali yeswishi yangaphandle yesiteshi, kanye nemisebenzi yokuvula nokuvala i-circuit breaker remote control kanye neminye imisebenzi. Umdwebo wetheminali yokufaka izintambo wedivayisi yokuvikela i-microcomputer ye-AM3-I umi kanje:

Umdwebo wetheminali yocingo yedivayisi yokuvikela imakrofoni ye-AM3-I

3.4. Imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile

Amamitha enethiwekhi ehlakaniphile asetshenziselwa ukuthola amapharamitha kagesi afana nomthamo wezigaba ezintathu, i-voltage namandla amasekhethi okusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi, kanye nesimo sokuvula nokuvala sokuhlukanisa ama-switch kanye nama-circuit breakers. Ngokwezidingo zokuklama kohlelo lwesibili lwe-10kV intelligent box transformer, I-Ankerui ACR imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile enomsebenzi wokuxhumana we-RS485 ikhethiwe, kanye nomdwebo wokufaka izintambo wemitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ye-ACR kanye ne-low-voltage current transformer kanye nomdwebo wezintambo wokufaka nokukhiphayo kuyakhethwa..

I-ACR smart network meter low-voltage current transformer kanye ne-digital input kanye nomdwebo wezintambo ophumayo

Imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ye-ACR isebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-Modbus-RTU, engakala futhi iqoqe amapharamitha wamandla. Umsebenzi wokufakwa kweswishi ungathola isimo sokushintsha seswishi ehlukanisayo kanye ne-circuit breaker, futhi umsebenzi wokukhipha i-relay ungavula futhi uvale ukude i-circuit breaker. Imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ye-ACR inohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwethebula lekheli lokuxhumana, engakwazi ukubona imisebenzi emithathu ekude ye-telemetry, isilawuli kude nesilawuli kude.

(1) Ukuguqulwa kwe-AD nokubalwa kwesignali ye-analog ye-AC

I 3 amasignali voltage isigaba kanye 3 izimpawu zamanje (amasignali okukhipha i-transformer yamanje) eqoqwe ngokuqondile imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ye-ACR wonke amanani e-analog, okudingeka ukuthi iguqulwe ibe amasignali edijithali angabonwa yi-CPU ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha. Okokuqala, i 3 ama-voltage esigaba angu-220V kanye 3 ama-analogue amanje aguqulwa abe amasiginali ane-voltage ephansi ngesiguquli, futhi iguqulelwe ku-voltage evunyelwe isiguquli se-AD nge-loop eyenza i-voltage; , iguqulelwe kusignali yedijithali nge-AD nokufaka ku-CPU. Umdwebo oyisikimu wamasampula kanye nenqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-AD yenani le-analogi ye-AC ingatholwa ngokuthintana nomkhiqizi..

* Ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi we-analog nokuhlunga kwephasi eliphansi. Umsebenzi wesekethe eyenza i-voltage ukuhlukanisa ngogesi futhi uguqule ugesi. Ngokuvamile, isiguquli se-AD sidinga isignali yokufaka ukuthi ibe ±5V kanye ne-±10V, ngakho-ke isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwesiguquli se-voltage singanqunywa. Izihlungi ze-low-pass zihlukaniswa ngezihlungi ze-passive kanye nezihlungi ezisebenzayo. Izihlungi ezisebenzayo zenziwe ngama-capacitor, ama-resistors kanye nama-amplifiers ahlanganisiwe okusebenza, okukhulisa isignali ngenkathi kuhlunga. Izihlungi ezingenzi lutho zinemisebenzi yokuhlunga kuphela kodwa azikho imisebenzi yokukhulisa isignali.
* Isampula yesignali ye-analog. The sampling process should follow Shannon's sampling theorem, leyo, imvamisa yesampula akumele ibe ngaphansi 2 izikhathi imvamisa ephezulu yesiginali yokufaka. Inqubo yesampula ishesha kakhulu. Isampula yamanje yesiguquli se-AD isifinyelele ileveli ye-nanosecond, kuyilapho isikhathi sokusampula sedivayisi ezenzakalelayo yesistimu yamandla sikuleveli ye-millisecond, ngakho-ke i-voltage nezimpawu zamanje zamalophu ayisithupha zingabelana ngesiguquli esisodwa se-AD, kodwa isekethe yesampula Kumelwe ifakwe idivayisi yesampula-futhi-ubambe kanye neswishi ye-multiplexer.
* Ukuguqulwa kwe-AD. Iziguquli ze-AD zifaka ukulinganiselwa okulandelanayo, okubalulekile, ukubala, ukuqhathanisa okufanayo, kanye nama-VFC voltage-frequency converters. Isiguquli se-AD esilinganiselayo esilandelanayo simelela kokubili isivinini nokunemba ku-ADC, futhi inokulungiswa okuphezulu kokuguqulwa ngezinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa.

(2) I-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa komjikelezo wesigamu somjikelezo wenani likagesi we-sinusoidal

Ukhiye we-algorithm yesoftware ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kanye nesivinini sokusebenza kwe-algorithm. Ukhiye we-algorithm yesampula ye-AC yemitha ehlakaniphile ukuxazulula indlela yokubala i-amplitude noma inani elisebenzayo lesignali yesampula ye-sinusoidal ngokuya ngevelu esheshayo yesiginali ye-sinusoidal.. I-algorithm evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ye-sine quantities i-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa kwenani lomjikelezo oyingxenye yomjikelezo.. Umgomo we-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa kwenani eliphelele lomjikelezo wohhafu ukuthi ingqikithi yenani eliphelele lenani le-sine kunoma yimuphi umjikelezo wengxenye iyi-S engashintshi., futhi inani eliphelele elingaguquki u-S alihlangene ne-engeli yokuqala ebalulekile . I-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa kwenani lomjikelezo oyingxenye yomjikelezo ngokusekelwe kumodeli yokusebenza kwe-sine iboniswa kuMfanekiso 19.

I-algorithm yokuhlanganiswa kwenani lomjikelezo oyingxenye yomjikelezo ngokusekelwe kumodeli yokusebenza kwe-sine

Isisho sokubala inani elisebenzayo lamanje ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm yenani eliphelele lengxenye yomjikelezo wenani eliphelele liboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.:

Kufomula, U-S umele ingqikithi yenani eliphelele phakathi kwesigamu somjikelezo; Ngimele inani elisebenzayo lamanje; ngimele inani elisheshayo lamanje; w imele isivinini se-angular; I-T imele umjikelezo wamandla we-AC; f imele imvamisa yamandla e-AC; I-N imele inani lamasampuli kumjikelezo owodwa ; I-Ts imele isikhathi samasampula.

3.5 Inzwa yentuthu yezinga lokushisa engu-RS485 kanye nomswakama

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ulayini wokuphakela amandla ku-transformer yohlobo lwebhokisi kungenzeka ube nokuvuza, ukulayisha ngokweqile, i-short-circuit kanye nokumelana nokuxhumana ngokweqile, okungase kubangele imililo, futhi ukwehluleka kwe-transformer egxiliswe ngamafutha kaphethiloli kungase kubangele imililo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukufaka inzwa yomusi ku-transformer yohlobo lwebhokisi ukuze kutholakale umlilo we-box-type transformer. Ukuze kutholwe ukwehluleka okungenzeka kusenesikhathi. Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwesilinganiso futhi unciphise izindleko ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa RS485, umswakama nentuthu inzwa ye-3-in-one isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokugxila kwentuthu ku-transformer yebhokisi. I izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama inzwa isebenzisa i-SHT30 probe. Ukuhlinza endaweni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-pulse. Inzwa ine 4 izintambo: ebomvu, mnyama, ophuzi, futhi eluhlaza. Ukuze uthole indlela ethile yokufaka izintambo yenzwa yentuthu yokushisa nomswakama, sicela uxhumane nomkhiqizi we-IoT.

Amamitha ahlakaniphile nezinzwa eziklanywe kulolu hlelo zamukela iphrothokholi ye-Modbus-RTU, engakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuthembekile phakathi kwebanga eligcwele le-baud rate 1200-115200. Izinga le-baud lamamitha ahlakaniphile nezinzwa lisethwe ngokulinganayo ku-9600bps. Ifomethi yokudlulisa idatha kanye nefomethi yokuguqulwa kwedatha yenzwa ilandelayo:
Ifomethi yozimele wedatha yenzwa. Inzwa ilandela iphrothokholi ejwayelekile ye-Modbus-RTU, futhi ukufundwa kwenzwa kugcinwa kurejista yokubamba, futhi ikhodi yomsebenzi ithi 04. Ikhompuyutha ephezulu ifunda ifomethi yefreyimu yedatha yenzwa, kanye nefomethi yozimele yedatha yenzwa yekhompyutha ephansi.

3.6 PT100 lokushisa Transmitter - isimiso sokusebenza se-RTD PT100 - isimiso sokusebenza senzwa yokushisa

I-PT100 yokushisa yokushisa isetshenziselwa ukubona izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-transformer, high voltage kanye low voltage ikhebula lokushisa, ifanele iziza ezihlukene zezimboni. I-Transformer izokhiqiza ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ukulahleka kwensimbi nokulahlekelwa kwethusi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kanye nokulahlekelwa komthwalo. Ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kuyahlukahluka nomthwalo wamanje futhi kuhambisana nesikwele somthwalo wamanje. Ifomula yokubala yokulahlekelwa kwe-Transformer imi kanje:

Kufomula, I-P0 imele amandla asebenzayo we-transformer ekusebenzeni okungalayishiwe ku-voltage elinganiselwe; I-I1 ne-I2 imelela umugqa wamanje we-high-voltage kanye nomugqa oseceleni we-low-voltage wamanje; I-R1 ne-R2 imele ukumelana nohlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu kanye nokumelana nohlangothi lwe-low-voltage.

Umshini wokushisa we-PT100 ushumekwe ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi se-RS485, futhi isidlulisi sokushisa ngasinye singaxhunywa kuso 4 Izinzwa zokushisa ze-PT100.

3.7 Isimiso sokusebenza sesidlulisi sokucwiliswa kwamanzi

Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lamanzi lebhokisi lesisekelo somgodi we-substation, kuvame ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emseleni wekhebula kanye nomgodi wesisekelo ngemva kwemvula enkulu, futhi kunengozi yokuphepha engaba khona yokuvuza kwekhebula, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okungafanele kanye nokukhipha amanzi kuyadingeka. Kulo mklamo, inzwa yokucwiliswa kwamanzi isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emgodini wesisekelo sebhokisi elingaphansi. Inzwa yokucwiliswa kwamanzi isebenzisa umgomo wokuqhuba uketshezi, futhi isebenzisa ama-electrode ukuthola ukuthi akhona yini amanzi. Khetha umtshina wokucwiliswa kwamanzi wohlobo lokuxhumana olunomsebenzi wokuxhumana we-RS485. Umgomo wokusebenza komtshina wokucwiliswa emanzini ukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 23.

4. Isakhiwo sesofthiwe yesistimu

Isakhiwo sesofthiwe yesistimu sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: the field bus LAN software design of the box-type transformer and the remote monitoring system design of the box-type transformer based on the Gizwits cloud platform. Idivayisi yokuvikela ehlanganisiwe ye-microcomputer, imitha yenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile kanye nenzwa ehlakaniphile kunethiwekhi yendawo yebhasi yendawo ye-transformer yebhokisi ishumekiwe isofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza, ngakho-ke umklamo wohlelo lwesofthiwe kuphela wesilawuli sensimu ye-transformer yebhokisi edingekayo.

4.1 Idizayini yesoftware yesilawuli senkundla ye-box-type transformer

Isilawuli senkambu se-transformer yebhokisi iyisistimu eshumekiwe, futhi uhlelo lwayo lwesoftware lwakhiwe uhlelo lohlelo, I-API, isistimu yokusebenza eshumekiwe kanye ne-BSP (iphakethe lokusekela ibhodi). Ngokusho kwezici zamapharamitha amaningi, imisebenzi eminingi kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zesikhathi sangempela eziqoqwe umlawuli wenkundla ye-10kV ehlakaniphile yohlobo lwebhokisi lokuguqula, i-μC/OS-Ⅲ eshumekiwe isistimu yokusebenza yesikhathi sangempela, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo wezohwebo nasekufundiseni ucwaningo, ikhethiwe. μC/OS-Ⅲ ibheka imisebenzi njengeyunithi encane kakhulu, futhi noma yimuphi umsebenzi awudingi ukukhathalela indlela ethile yokuphatha yezinsiza, okunqunywa uhlelo lokusebenza.

4.2 Idizayini yohlelo lwesoftware yesilawuli sensimu ye-box-type transformer

Isakhiwo sonke sesistimu yesofthiwe sisekelwe ohlelweni olusabalalisiwe olwakhiwe amathuluzi ahlakaniphile, izinzwa, izilawuli zenkundla namapulatifomu amafu, kanye nokuklanywa nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza kuyenziwa. Ukudluliswa kwedatha nokushintshisana, isilawuli esisendaweni kanye neseva yefu ye-Gizwits zisebenzisa iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-Gizwits ku-firmware ye-GPRS ukuze kudluliselwe idatha nokushintshisana.. Ishadi eliyinhloko lokugeleza kohlelo lwesofthiwe yohlelo lwesilawuli senkundla ye-transformer yohlobo lwebhokisi.

*Uhlelo oluyinhloko lwesofthiwe. Okokuqala, qalisa zonke izingxenye zesistimu, njenge-GPIO, imbobo ye-serial, iwashi, ukuphathwa kwenkumbulo, njll., futhi udale imisebenzi ku-μC/OS-Ⅲ. I-STM32 yenza ukutholwa kwedatha yezinzwa nokucubungula, futhi ithumela ulwazi olulungile kusibonisi se-LCD. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-STM32 ithumela imiyalo ye-AT kumojula ye-GPRS-G510, idatha yokuhwebelana, ixhuma kunkundla yefu ye-Gizwits ngephrothokholi ye-LwM2M, futhi iyahlulela ukuthi ingabe imojuli yokuxhumana ye-GPRS ixhumeke ngempumelelo kuseva yefu ye-Gizwits. Uma ukuxhumana kuphumelele, ukudluliswa kwedatha kuyenziwa. Bese wahlulela ukuthi idatha ecutshunguliwe inkulu yini kunomkhawulo omisiwe.
Uma kuwukwehluleka okuncane kwesiteshi esincane sebhokisi, thumela imininingwane yedatha ku-APP yeselula ngokusebenzisa isiteji samafu; uma kuwukwehluleka okuvamile, thumela imininingwane ye-alamu yedatha ku-APP yeselula ngokusebenzisa ipulatifomu yamafu, bese uqala imojuli yokuxhumana ye-GPRS-GA6 ukuze uthumele ulwazi lwe-alamu nge-SMS yeselula; uma kuyiphutha elikhulu, imininingwane ye-alamu yedatha izothunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini we-APP ngokusebenzisa ipulatifomu yefu, kanye nemojula yokuxhumana ye-GPRS-GA6 izocushwa ukuze ithumele imininingwane ye-alamu ngomlayezo wombhalo weselula futhi ishayele izisebenzi ezifanele ezisethiwe..