Imepụta ọdụ ụdị igbe nwere ọgụgụ isi 10kV dabere na ikpo okwu Gizwits IoT + STM32

Ọ bụ Tian Hui nke Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na Ụzụ nke Xi'an chepụtara ma mepụta sistemu njikwa ime igbe ụdị igbe dị 10kV ewepụtara n'isiokwu a..

Usoro a na-ewepụta usoro mgbanwe igbe nwere ọgụgụ isi 10kV maka ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na kọleji dị ka ndabere injinia., na chepụta a 10kV ọgụgụ isi igbe mgbanwe usoro dabere na Ịntanetị nke ihe. Usoro ahụ nwere akụkụ atọ: oyi akwa nghọta, oyi akwa nkwurịta okwu na oyi akwa ngwa. Okpokoro nghọta na-ahụ maka ịnakọta data sensọ na nnyefe na onye njikwa ubi.

Gụnyere akụrụngwa sistemu nke abụọ dịka ngwaọrụ nchekwa microcomputer, mita netwọk nwere ọgụgụ isi, yana ndị na-ahụ maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ ike nwere ọgụgụ isi, yana akụrụngwa nchọpụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, anwụrụ, na ihe mmetụta imikpu mmiri. Onye na-ahụ maka saịtị na-eji STM32 microprocessor agbakwunyere, gụnyere ihe ngosi LCD, modul mkpu olu, relay na modul nzikọrịta ozi GPRS, wdg.; oyi akwa nzikọrịta ozi na-eji nkwukọrịta ikuku GPRS, nke na-ahụ maka nnyefe data ụzọ abụọ n'etiti onye na-ahụ maka saịtị na ikpo okwu igwe ojii; Igwe ojii Gizwits na-emepụta usoro nleba anya dịpụrụ adịpụ yana ngwa mkpanaaka maka ndị ngbanwe ụdị igbe, nke na-ahụ maka nchekwa, nyocha na nhazi nke data arụ ọrụ nke ụdị igbe.

This system finally realizes the user's remote monitoring of environmental parameters such as variable temperature and humidity, anwụrụ ọkụ mkpu na ntọala olulu mmiri, yana paramita eletriki dị ka nke ugbu a, voltaji, ugboro na ike ihe, na ọnọdụ akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ site na kọmputa WEB ma ọ bụ APP mkpanaaka.

Mgbe enwere ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mmejọ na arụ ọrụ nke transformer ụdị igbe, usoro nlekota na-akpaghị aka na-ekpe ikpe larịị, ma na-eziga mkpu site na nchikota dị iche iche nke mgbịrịgba na saịtị, ekwentị mkpanaaka APP, SMS na ekwentị, wdg., ma gwa ndị ọrụ dị mkpa ka ha kpochapụ nsogbu zoro ezo na oge ma gbochie ihe mberede eletrik. . Ọ dabara maka nleba anya n'ime anya na njikwa etiti nke igbe transformers na ụlọ nkesa ike, ma nwee ike imeziwanye ọkwa ọgụgụ isi na nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ na ntụkwasị obi nke akụrụngwa nkesa ike n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ na obodo.

1. Okwu mmalite

Na-ewu na mmepe nke mmekọrịta akụ na ụba na nkesa netwọk, a na-enwekwu ihe ngbanwe igbe 10kV. Ụdị igbe ụdị 10kV ọdịnala na-anabatakarị usoro ọrụ nke nyocha oge na-enweghị nlekọta na ntuziaka., nke nwere ọgụgụ isi dị ala na enweghị nleba anya anya na sistemụ mkpu mmejọ maka gburugburu na akụrụngwa. Ugbu a, na ngwa ngwa mmepe nke smart sensọ technology, agbakwunyere teknụzụ, teknụzụ nkwukọrịta na teknụzụ igwe ojii na mbelata ọnụ ahịa, na 10kV smart igbe ụdị substation dabeere na Ịntanetị nke ihe aghọwo ihe kasị mma nhọrọ maka upgrading na mgbanwe nke omenala igbe ụdị substations..

The ọgụgụ isi igbe ụdị substation remote nlekota usoro dabere na Ịntanetị nke ihe nwere ike remotely nyochaa igbe ụdị substation gburugburu ebe obibi., arụ ọrụ parameters na ọnọdụ nke akụrụngwa na ozugbo. Dị ka egosiri na eserese 1.

Ndị ọrụ nwere ike nyochaa oke gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ na iru mmiri nke igbe ahụ, anwụrụ ọkụ, na nchịkọta mmiri na olulu ntọala, yana paramita eletriki dị ka nke ugbu a, voltaji, ugboro ugboro, na ike ihe, yana ọkwa akụrụngwa site na kọmpụta ma ọ bụ ngwa mkpanaka n'oge ọ bụla. Mgbe substation igbe na-agba ọsọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ daa, na nlekota usoro ga-akpaghị aka gwa mkpa mkpara site dị iche iche ụzọ nke ekwentị mkpanaaka APP, SMS na ekwentị dịka ọkwa nke mmejọ siri dị, iji kpochapụ mmejọ zoro ezo na oge ma gbochie ihe mberede eletrik.

10kV smart igbe ụdị substation dabere na ịntanetị nke ihe

The remote nlekota usoro nke smart igbe ụdị substation mejupụtara a "ugbo ala LAN" n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ-ụdị igbe na a "igwe ojii n'elu ikpo okwu obosara-mpaghara netwọk" n'èzí ọdụ ụgbọ ụdị igbe. Enwere ike itinye usoro nhazi a na mmepe nke sistemu nlekota anya maka akụrụngwa mmiri nke abụọ nke sistemụ nlekota anya, Sistemụ njikwa ụgwọ ọkụ eletrik obibi, na elevator remote nlekota sistemu iji kwalite ọgụgụ isi na ọkwa njikwa nke ngwa ọdịnala ma kwalite nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala.. Ọ nwere uru ngwa dị mma.

2. Nhazi mmemme n'ozuzu ya

Nhazi nke ụdị igbe igbe smart dabere na ịntanetị nke ihe dabere na imewe nke ụdị igbe igbe smart 10kV na ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji.. Isi usoro imewe nke 10kV nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe ụdị transformer bụ otu ihe ahụ nke omenala 10kV igbe ụdị transformer., na ọ na-achọkwa ka tozuru okè. Edemede a lekwasịrị anya na ọgụgụ isi imewe nke 10kV smart igbe ụdị transformer. Ihe na-esonụ bụ ntụle dị mkpirikpi nke ọdịnaya imewe nke sistemu isi nke 10kV smart box-type transformer..

2.1 Nhazi usoro izizi nke 10kV nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe ụdị substation

Ibu ike nke No. 5 ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na mahadum na-abụkarị ọkụ, kọmputa na ibu ikuku ntụ oyi agbakwunyere ọhụrụ. A na-agbakọ ọnụ ụlọ ọ bụla dịka 8 ndị mmadụ, ibu ọkụ bụ 100W, Ibu kọmputa ụmụ akwụkwọ ọ bụla bụ 200W, na nke ọ bụla 1.5P ụdị hanger nke nwere ihe mkpuchi ikuku arụnyere ọhụrụ ike bụ 1.3kW, na ibu nke otu ụlọ obibi bụ 3.0kW. Dị ka "Akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-enye ụlọ ọrụ na ike obodo na nkesa", the dormitory's power load demand coefficient is 0.7, na ihe na-akpata ike bụ 0.8.

N'ịtụle mmụba nke ibu ọkụ eletrik nke ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ọdịnihu, transformer kwesịrị idobe akụkụ ụfọdụ, na a na-ahọrọ transformer nwere ikike nke 1000kVA. N'ịtụle ego ntinye ego mbụ na ụgwọ ọrụ nke transformer, yana ihe achọrọ nke iwu nchekwa nchekwa na mbelata ikuku nke mba, a na-ahọrọ nke ọma maka nke a, a na-ahọrọ transformer S13-M-1000 / 10-0.4 nke dị ala..

Na ndabere nke ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta oge, ngụkọta oge mkpirisi, nkwenye nkwụsi ike ike na nkwenye nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ, A na-ahọrọ ngwá ọrụ bụ isi nke usoro isi nke igbe igbe. The kpọmkwem ụdị na teknuzu parameters nke isi akụrụngwa nke isi usoro na-egosi na Tebụl 3, Tebụl 4, Tebụl 5 na Tebụl 6.

Dị ka imewe chọrọ nke No. 5 ụmụ akwụkwọ ulo oru ngo igbe substation na isi usoro imewe ngụkọta oge, Isi ihe eserese nke usoro izizi nke e mere nke No. 5 E gosiri ọdụ ụgbọ ala igbe ụmụ akwụkwọ na eserese 2.

Onyonyo 2 : Ihe osise wiring isi nke usoro izizi nke ụdị igbe igbe na ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na mahadum

2.2 Atụmatụ nhazi ọgụgụ isi nke 10kV Box Transformer

Ebumnuche n'ichepụta ntụpọ na nsogbu dị na njikwa ọrụ nke ụdị igbe ụdị 10kV ọdịnala., isi ihe na-edozi nsogbu ahụ bụ n'iwu nke usoro nkwụsị nke mechiri emechi maka nchọpụta ahụ, anya nlekota na mkpu nke nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe-ụdị substation gburugburu ebe obibi na akụrụngwa, na imewe nwere nlebanya anya nke gburugburu ebe ọrụ na ngwa eletriki Sistemụ ntụgharị igbe nwere ọgụgụ isi nwere ọrụ dị iche iche nwere ike ịnakọta ma nyochaa paramita gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka njikwa ohere transformer igbe., ambient okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, anwụrụ ọkụ, na mmiri na USB trenchi, yana voltaji, ugbu a, ike na-arụ ọrụ, ike mmeghachi omume, ike ihe, USB okpomọkụ, transformer, wdg.

Okpomọkụ ahụ na mgbama mkpu gas na paramita ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, ihe eji eme ihe n'ime ime, ngwaọrụ nchebe microcomputer na mgba ọkụ sekit.

Sistemu ahụ na-anabata ngwa smart na smart sensọ nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta a na-ejikarị na saịtị mmepụta ihe, ma na-ebufe data anakọtara na onye njikwa ubi site na nzikọrịta ozi ụgbọ ala, na onye na-ahụ maka mpaghara na-ebufe data na ihe nkesa ma ọ bụ kọmpụta igwe ojii site na modul nkwurịta okwu ikuku ma ọ bụ wired. Chọpụta ọrụ dị ka telemetry, nrịbama ime na njikwa anya.

Sistemụ nleba anya nke 10kV nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe nke dabere na ịntanetị nke ihe na-eji ngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi na sensọ nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta ụzọ abụọ dijitalụ., ma nabata ọkọlọtọ ụgbọ ala RS485 yana ụkpụrụ nkwukọrịta Modbus-RTU. The remote nlekota usoro nke nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe transformer dabeere na Ịntanetị nke ihe bụ akụkụ atọ: oyi akwa nghọta, oyi akwa nkwurịta okwu na oyi akwa ngwa.
* oyi akwa nghọta: site na smart mita dị iche iche na smart sensọ iji nakọta gburugburu dị iche iche, akụrụngwa arụ ọrụ parameters na akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ nke igbe transformer, ma bufee data ahụ na onye njikwa ubi site na ụgbọ ala RS485. Onye na-ahụ maka ubi nwere sistemụ arụmọrụ arụnyere ma nwee nchịkọta data, Kọmputa, nhazi na njikwa ọrụ.
* oyi akwa nkwurịta okwu: Nke a oyi akwa bụ njikọ na njikọ nke data nnyefe na mgbanwe, ma na-ahụ maka nnyefe ụzọ abụọ nke data n'etiti ikpo okwu igwe ojii na onye na-ahụ maka saịtị. Dị ka n'ezie nkwurịta okwu ọnọdụ nke igbe-ụdị transformer, ụzọ nzikọrịta ozi dị iche iche dịka eriri ngwa anya wired, Enwere ike ịhọrọ Ethernet ma ọ bụ GPRS ikuku ka ịnye data na igwe ojii.
*Ngwa oyi akwa: Chepụta ma mepụta usoro nleba anya dịpụrụ adịpụ maka ndị na-agbanwe ụdị igbe n'elu ikpo okwu igwe ojii, maka izipu, ịnata na nhazi nke data akụkọ ihe mere eme, remote nlekota nke igbe-ụdị transformer arụ ọrụ parameters, na ndekọ nchekwa na nyocha nke data arụmọrụ mmemme. Ma wulite WEB na APP mkpanaaka n'elu ikpo okwu igwe ojii, Onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike nyochaa data ọrụ yana ọnọdụ ọrụ nke ihe ngbanwe igbe n'oge ọ bụla site na kọmputa ma ọ bụ APP mkpanaaka..

3. Nhazi ngwaike sistemu

3.1 RS485 ụgbọ ala mpaghara netwọk nke igbe mgbanwe saịtị

Site na mmepe na ọganihu nke teknụzụ agbakwunyere na mbelata ọnụ ahịa, ọtụtụ ngwa nchọpụta, sensọ na actuators arụnyere n'ime microprocessors maka adịghị ike na nsogbu nke ozi nnyefe nke omenala igbe ụdị ubi akụrụngwa., nke nwere ike mezue AD DA ntụgharị na linearization na dijitalụ nzacha. A na-agbakwunye interface data nzikọrịta ozi n'ime ngwaọrụ mpaghara dijitalụ ndị a, na usoro nzikọrịta ozi ụzọ abụọ dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ ubi nwere ike imezu site na iji usoro nzikọrịta ozi ọkọlọtọ jikọtara ọnụ.

Netwọk ụgbọ ala ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a.

Otu igodo maka imewe sistemụ nleba anya n'ime ime maka ndị na-agbanwe ụdị igbe smart bụ ịhọrọ ngwa smart na sensọ nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta ụzọ abụọ dijitalụ., na ịnakwere ọkọlọtọ na njikọ ụgbọ ala jikọtara ọnụ na usoro nkwukọrịta. Bido site na omume injinia nke ụdị igbe mgbanwe smart 10kV na No. 5 ulo akwukwo, A na-ahọrọ ụgbọ ala RS485 na usoro nkwukọrịta Modbus-RTU n'ozuzu nke ihe mmetụta smart na-akwado..

Dị ka isi wiring eserese nke isi usoro nke a igbe-transformer na a ụmụ akwụkwọ ulo na a mahadum na usoro ngọngọ eserese nke 10kV ọgụgụ isi igbe-transformer remote monitoring system., nhazi ngwaike nke sistemu na-ewere onye na-ahụ maka ubi-transformer dị ka isi, ma mejupụtara ngwaọrụ nchekwa agbakwunyere microcomputer, mita netwọk nwere ọgụgụ isi na onye nwere ọgụgụ isi reactive ike Ngwa sistemụ nke abụọ dị ka ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ, na ihe mmetụta nchọpụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ na iru mmiri sensọ anwụrụ ọkụ, Ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ PT100 na ihe mmetụta ntinye mmiri na-etolite netwọk mpaghara ụgbọ ala RS485 nke saịtị mgbanwe igbe na igbe.. Eserese sistemu sistemu mpaghara mpaghara ụgbọ ala RS485 nke igbe transformer ka egosiri na eserese 4.

RS485 ụgbọ ala mpaghara netwọk sistemụ eserese nke saịtị mgbanwe ụdị igbe

(1) Ụgbọ ala nkwukọrịta serial RS485

Ụdị nzikọrịta ozi nke ụgbọ ala RS485 bụ ọnọdụ nna ukwu-ohu, na nnukwu ngwaọrụ na-enyocha ngwaọrụ ohu ọ bụla maka nkwurịta okwu, na otu-na-multi-point netwọk nwere ike ịmepụta usoro nkesa. The RS485 interface bụ a ọtụtụ-eji obere-ọsọ Oghere Usoro interface, na interface RS485 nwere njirimara ndị a.
* RS485 interface.

Nkwurịta okwu interface RS485 na-anabata ọnọdụ nnyefe dị iche, ma nwee nchikota nke ọkwọ ụgbọ ala kwesịrị ekwesị na nnata dị iche iche, ma na-eji ọdịiche voltaji na nsọtụ abụọ nke eriri na-ebufe akara, nke na-eme ka ikike iguzogide nnyonye anya nkịtị na mgbochi mkpọtụ.
* Ụgbọ ala RS485 nwere ọnụego nnyefe dị elu yana ogologo nnyefe ogologo. Ogologo nnyefe kacha dị ihe dị ka 1200 mita, na kacha nnyefe ọnụego bụ 10Mbps; Ọnụọgụ nnyefe ya na-agbanwe agbanwe na anya nnyefe, na enwere ike iru ebe nnyefe kacha elu mgbe ọnụego dị n'okpuru 20kbps.
* Kwado ọtụtụ ọnụ ọnụ. N'izugbe, loop ụgbọ ala RS485 nwere ike ịkwado usoro iwu 247 ọnụ ngwaọrụ.

(2) Modbus-RTU Oghere Usoro nkwurịta okwu protocol

A na-etinye ụkpụrụ Modbus na netwọk ụgbọ ala mmepụta ihe. Site na protocol, Enwere ike ịme nkwurịta okwu data n'etiti onye njikwa na akụrụngwa ubi. Akụrụngwa nke ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche mepụtara nwere ike ịmepụta usoro nlekota netwọk ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ejikọtara ọnụ. Protocol nwere usoro nna ukwu-ohu, otu onye isi ọnụ na netwọk, na ndị ọzọ bụ ọnụ ohu, na ọnụ ohu nke ọ bụla nwere adreesị ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche.

Na serial ụgbọ ala netwọk, onye ukwu ọnụ na-amalite iwu, na ngwaọrụ ohu niile ga-anata iwu ahụ. Iwu Modbus nwere adreesị nke ngwaọrụ ohu na-eme iwu ahụ, na ngwaọrụ ohu nke nna ukwu ahụ họpụtara na-ebu ụzọ zaghachi wee mee iwu ahụ. Enwere checksum n'iwu Modbus iji hụ na e mebieghị iwu mbata.. Iwu Modbus nwere ike ịkụziri RTU ka ọ gbanwee uru ndebanye aha ya, gụọ ma ọ bụ jikwaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O, ma nye ngwaọrụ ahụ ka ọ weghachi otu data ndekọ aha ma ọ bụ karịa.

Modbus gụnyere ASCII, RTU na TCP ụdị ozi atọ. Ụdị nnyefe ASCII, Ọnụ ego nlele LRC, obere nnyefe arụmọrụ, ma kensinammuo, dị mfe ma dị mfe imezi. Ụdị nnyefe RTU, iji nyocha CRC, elu nnyefe arụmọrụ, ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya karịa ASCII. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ data a ga-ebufe dị ntakịrị, Ị nwere ike ịtụle iji ASCII protocol; ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ data a ga-ebufe dị oke, ọ kacha mma iji protocol RTU. N'ihi nke a, Ngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi na sensọ nke sistemụ a na-anakwere ọnọdụ nkwukọrịta Modbus-RTU n'otu n'otu.

3.2 Nhazi ngwaike nke Njikwa Ubi nke Transformer Igbe

Onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke ihe ngbanwe igbe bụ nke usoro agbakwunyere. Sistemụ agbakwunyere bụ ngwa-centric, Enwere ike ịhazi ngwanrọ na ngwaike, na-aghọta akụrụngwa akpaaka, ọgụgụ isi, yana ọrụ nlekota anya. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ microprocessors agbakwunyere, ngwaike metụtara, agbakwunyere sistemụ arụmọrụ, na ngwa ngwanrọ usoro.

(1) STM32 microprocessor kacha nta

Sistemu kacha nta nke microprocessor agbakwunyere gụnyere microprocessor agbakwunyere, Tọgharia sekit na sekit debugging. Sekit elekere na-enye mgbama elekere mpụga achọrọ, sekit nrụpụta ahụ na-enye steeti mbido jikọrọ ọnụ, na sekit debugging na-enye interface maka nbudata mmemme na debugging.
* Nhọrọ microprocessor agbakwunyere. Dị ka ihe chọrọ nke 10kV nwere ọgụgụ isi igbe transformer remote monitoring system maka arụmọrụ nke na-na saịtị njikwa., usoro a na-ahọrọ mgbawa STM32F103ZET6 dị ka isi microprocessor nke onye na-ahụ maka saịtị.. STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor agbakwunyere, MCU nwere njikọ dị elu, obere ike oriri, na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ọ dabara maka ngwa dị iche iche chọrọ na ngalaba ahụike ụlọ ọrụ, ma nwee ike izute ihe achọrọ maka inweta data na nhazi oge nke usoro a.
* kristal oscillator circuit. Oghere oscillator kristal na-enye microprocessor pulse ugboro ugboro ka microprocessor na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.. STM32 microprocessor nwere oscillator kristal abụọ, oscillator kristal 8MHz na-enye elekere ọsọ ọsọ dị elu nke mpụga, na oscillator kristal 32.768KHz na-enye elekere dị ala dịpụrụ adịpụ.

* Tọgharia sekit. Ọrụ nke sekit nrụpụta microprocessor bụ ịmalitegharị sistemụ ahụ. Mgbe usoro ahụ daa, pịa bọtịnụ nrụpụta ka ịmalitegharịa ngwaọrụ ahụ. N'ozuzu, sekit nrụpụta na-eji akara ngosi dị ala ka ịmalitegharịa.

(2) Nhazi sekit ike

Sistemụ ahụ na-ahọrọ ọkụ mpụga DC nke nwere voltaji nke 12V (2A), ma họrọ DC 5V (2A) ihe nkwụnye ọkụ nwere interface USB iji nye ike na njikwa ubi. A na-ejikọta ọkụ eletrik 12V DC na bọọdụ njikwa, na DC 12V ike ọkọnọ gbadara iji nweta a DC 5V ike ọkọnọ site na LM2596S nzọụkwụ mgbada modul.. A na-agafe voltaji 5V site na mgbawa nchịkwa AMS1117-3.3V iji nweta voltaji 3.3V iji nye ike na mgbawa STM32.. E gosipụtara eserese sekit nke LM2596S na AMS1117-3.3V onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ. 8.

(3) RS485 interface ka TTL modul

The RS485 interface ka TTL modul ghọtara ntụgharị ụzọ abụọ na nzikọrịta ozi nke akara RS485 na akara TTL., mana a ga-emerịrị mgbaama ahụ ọzọ, enweghịkwa ike ịme ya n'akụkụ abụọ n'otu oge. Ngwa mpaghara niile na-eji modul a jikọọ na microcontroller, na eserese wiring ka egosiri na eserese 9.

Eserese wiring nke TFT-LCD na STM32 MCU - Onyonyo 9

(4) LCD ngosi modul

Ebe ọ bụ na onye na-ahụ maka saịtị nke ụdị igbe nleba anya dịpụrụ adịpụ kwesịrị igosipụta ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ na mkpụrụedemede, 2.8-inch TFT-LCD mmiri mmiri kristal ahọrọ dị ka ngosi modul, ma enwere onye njikwa ILI9341 n'ime. Tụlee STM32 nwere ike ikwurịta okwu na ILI9341 site na interface SPI, 8080 interface ma ọ bụ RGB interface. Iji nweta ọnụego ume ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, TFT-LCD na-eji 8080 myirịta data ụgbọ ala. STM32 na-ewepụta data na ebe nchekwa ILI9341 site na ebe nchekwa FSMC agbanwe agbanwe..

(5) Modul mkpu olu

Mgbe STM32 microprocessor chọpụtara na e nwere ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mmejọ na data ọrụ nke igbe transformer., ọ ga-eziga ozi na serial port wee malite mkpu olu. Modul mkpu olu na-ahọrọ mgbawa olu a na-ejikarị SYN6288, ma na-agbasa ozi mkpu olu na-akpaghị aka dịka mmemme akwadoro siri dị. Sistemu na-eji koodu GB2312, nke dabara maka mgbanwe ozi na nhazi agwa ndị China na nkwukọrịta agwa China. SYN6288 na-amatakwa ọnụọgụgụ nke ọma, ugboro na ụbọchị, na nkeji nha nke a na-ejikarị.

(6) Modul mgbagharị

Onye na-ahụ maka ubi na-ahọrọ otu modul relay iche nke ụzọ abụọ optocoupler iji jikwaa mmeghe na mmechi nke mgbịrịgba mkpu DC 12V na fan., na 220V AC siri ike relay nwere ike họrọ dị ka ike ọkọnọ ụdị na ike nke igbe-ụdị iyuzucha fan.. Modul sekit relay ọ bụla nwere kọntaktsị mepere emepe yana mechiri emechi, yana ọkwa ọkwa LED; sekit relay ọ bụla bụ ndị optocouplers dịpụrụ adịpụ, ma kwadoro ya na diode freewheeling iji hapụ voltaji na-akpata nke relay ma chebe sekit gara aga. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke igbe ngbanwe karịrị otu nso, onye na-ahụ maka saịtị na-emepụta ọkwa dị elu, na otu optocoupler relay relay na-eme ka gbanye fan ka ọ dajụọ; mgbe nnukwu mmejọ dị ka oke anwụrụ ọkụ na-eme, onye na-ahụ maka ya na-ebugharị relay ọzọ optocoupler ka ọ jikọọ Mgbịrịgba mgbịrịgba na-ezipụ mkpu na saịtị.. Maka ụkpụrụ ọrụ eserese nke relay na eserese njikọ dị n'etiti modul agba agba na mgbawa STM32., biko kpọtụrụ onye nrụpụta wee ziga arịrịọ ahụ.

(7) modul nkwukọrịta

Dị ka imewe chọrọ nke 10kV ọgụgụ isi igbe transformer remote nlekota usoro, nzikọrịta ozi n'etiti igwe ntụgharị igbe nwere ọgụgụ isi na igwe ojii na-ahọrọ usoro nkwurịta okwu ikuku GPRS na ọnụ ahịa okporo ụzọ dị ala. Gizwits firmware GPRS modul.
*Gizwits firmware GPRS modul (G510_GAgent ngwa ngwa). Modul a bụ mmemme ngwa na-agba na modul nkwukọrịta dị iche iche, na-enye ọrụ dịka nnyefe ụzọ abụọ nke igwe ojii na data ngwaọrụ ngwaahịa, nhazi ngwaọrụ n'ime netwọk, nchọpụta na njide, na nkwalite mmemme. Enwere ike nweta eserese sekit n'etiti modul GPRS na onye njikwa isi site na ịkpọtụrụ onye nrụpụta.

*GPRS-GA6 modul. Nke a modul nwere ike ghọta nnyefe nke olu, obere ozi na data nwere obere ike oriri. Ọ dabara maka chọrọ imewe dị iche iche na ngwa M2M, karịsịa maka imewe nke kọmpat ngwaahịa. Nke abuo, Usoro nzikọrịta ozi na-akwado nnyefe ụgbọ ala UART serial port, na-eji iwu AT ọkọlọtọ iji jikwaa modul, wee họrọ ọnụego baud nke 115200bps. Kpọtụrụ ndị emeputa IoT maka eserese sekit njikọ nke modul GPRS-GA6 na microcontroller STM32.

3.3 Ngwa nchekwa zuru oke nke microcomputer

Dị ka ike transformer nche nkọwa nkọwa (GB/T 50062-2008), 10Ndị na-atụgharị kV na-achọkarị ịwụnye nchebe n'ofe oge na oke oge. Ngwaọrụ nchebe microcomputer nwere nchebe, nha na njikwa ọrụ nke transformers na ahịrị, yana ọrụ nke inweta data, nlekota na usoro nyocha onwe onye, ma nwee mmetụta dị elu na ntụkwasị obi.

Dị ka imewe chọrọ nke 10kV ọgụgụ isi igbe mgbanwe na ụmụ akwụkwọ ulo, ahọpụtara ngwaọrụ nchekwa zuru oke nke Ankerui AM3-I ụdị microcomputer nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta RS485., na IA, IB, IC, UA, UB, UC, P, Q, Fr na nha nha eletrik ndị ọzọ, 8-Nweta mgbama mgba ọkụ mpụga ọwa, na sekit breaker remote control oghere na mmechi ọrụ na ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Eserese njedebe wiring nke ngwaọrụ nchekwa microcomputer AM3-I bụ nke a:

Eserese ikuku ikuku nke ngwaọrụ nchekwa microcomputer AM3-I

3.4. Smart netwọk mita

A na-eji mita netwọk smart iji chọpụta paramita eletriki dị ka nke ugbu a nke agba atọ, voltaji na ike nke ala-voltaji ike nkesa sekit, yana ọnọdụ mmeghe na mmechi nke iche iche switches na sekit breakers. Dị ka imewe chọrọ nke abụọ usoro nke 10kV ọgụgụ isi igbe transformer, A na-ahọrọ mita netwọk ọgụgụ nke Ankerui ACR nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta RS485, na eserese wiring nke ACR nwere ọgụgụ isi netwọk mita na obere voltaji ugbu a transformer na wiring eserese nke mgba ọkụ ntinye na mmepụta na-ahọrọ..

ACR smart network mita ihe ngbanwe dị ugbu a dị ala na ntinye dijitalụ na eserese wiwi mmepụta

ACR smart network mita nakweere Modbus-RTU protocol, nke nwere ike tụọ na ịnakọta ike parameters. Ọrụ ntinye ngbanwe nwere ike ịchọpụta ọnọdụ ngbanwe nke ngbanwe dịpụrụ adịpụ na nkesa sekit, na ọrụ mmepụta relay nwere ike ịgbanwuo ma gbanyụọ sekit nke na-agbaji. Mita netwọk nwere ọgụgụ isi ACR nwere atụmatụ ejikọtara ọnụ maka tebụl adreesị nkwukọrịta, nke nwere ike ịghọta ọrụ atọ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke telemetry, nrịbama ime na njikwa anya.

(1) Ntughari AD na ngụkọ nke mgbaàmà analog AC

Nke 3 akara voltaji nkeji na 3 akara ngosi ugbu a (mgbama mmepụta ihe ngbanwe dị ugbu a) ACR smart network mita nakọtara ozugbo bụ ọnụọgụ analog niile, nke a ga-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi dijitalụ nke CPU nwere ike ịmata maka nhazi data. Mbụ, nke 3 nkeji voltaji nke 220V na 3 A na-agbanwe analogs dị ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi dị ala site na onye ntụgharị, ma gbanwee n'ime voltaji nke onye ntụgharị AD kwere site na voltaji na-akpụ akaghị; , agbanwere ka ọ bụrụ akara dijitalụ site na AD yana ntinye na CPU. Enwere ike nweta eserese schematic nke nlele na usoro ntụgharị AD nke ọnụọgụ analog AC site na ịkpọtụrụ onye nrụpụta..

* Ntugharị voltaji Analog na nzacha dị ala. Ọrụ nke voltaji akpụ sekit bụ ikewapụ eletriki ma gbanwee ọkụ eletrik. N'ozuzu, ihe ntụgharị AD chọrọ ka mgbama ntinye bụrụ ± 5V na ± 10V, ya mere enwere ike ikpebi oke mgbanwe nke ihe ntụgharị voltaji. A na-ekewa ihe nzacha dị ala n'ime ihe nzacha na-agafe agafe na ihe nzacha na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe nzacha na-arụ ọrụ bụ nke capacitors mejupụtara, resistors na arụ ọrụ amplifiers agbakwunyere, nke na-abawanye mgbama mgbe ị na-enyocha. Ihe nzacha na-agafe agafe nwere naanị ọrụ nzacha mana enweghị ọrụ nkwalite mgbaama.
* Nlele mgbama analog. The sampling process should follow Shannon's sampling theorem, ya bu, ugboro nlele ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 2 ugboro kacha elu nke mgbaama ntinye. Usoro nlele ahụ dị ngwa ngwa. Nlele ihe ntụgharị AD dị ugbu a eruola ọkwa nanosecond, ebe oge nlele nke sistemu ike ngwaọrụ akpaka dị na ọkwa millisecond, ya mere voltaji na akara ugbu a nke loops isii nwere ike ịkekọrịta otu onye ntụgharị AD, mana sekit nlele ga-enwerịrị ngwaọrụ nlele na njide yana mgba ọkụ multiplexer.
* Ntughari AD. Ndị ntụgharị AD gụnyere mbịbịa na-esochi, isi, agụta, ntụnyere yiri, na VFC voltaji-ugboro ntụgharị ntụgharị. Ihe ntụgharị AD nke na-aga n'ihu bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ma ọsọ na nkenke na ADC, ma ọ nwere mkpebi ngbanwe dị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ntụgharị dị elu.

(2) Ọkara okirikiri zuru oke ntinye aka algorithm nke ọnụọgụ eletrik sinusoidal

Igodo nke algọridim software bụ imeziwanye izi ezi na ọsọ nke ọrụ algọridim. Igodo nke AC sampling algọridim nke smart mita bụ iji dozie ka esi gbakọọ njupụta ma ọ bụ uru bara uru nke akara ngosi sinusoidal dịka uru ozugbo nke mgbaàmà sinusoidal si dị.. Algọridim nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ọnụọgụ nke sine bụ algọridim uru mbanye nke ọkara okirikiri. Ụkpụrụ nke njikọta ọnụ ahịa bara uru nke ọkara okirikiri bụ na ihe mejupụtara uru zuru oke nke ọnụọgụ sine na ọkara okirikiri ọ bụla bụ S na-adịgide adịgide., na integral uru mgbe niile S enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na integral mmalite akụkụ . Algọridim ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa ọkara nke ọkara dabere na ụdị ọrụ sine ka egosiri na eserese 19.

Algorithm nke ọkara okirikiri nchikota uru zuru oke dabere na ụdị ọrụ sine

Okwu maka ịgbakọ uru bara uru nke dị ugbu a site na iji ọkara-okirikiri uru integral algorithm zuru oke ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru.:

Na usoro, S na-anọchi anya ọnụ ahịa zuru oke n'ime ọkara okirikiri; M na-anọchi anya uru dị irè nke ugbu a; m na-anọchi anya uru ozugbo nke ugbu a; w na-anọchi anya ọsọ angular; T na-anọchi anya okirikiri ike AC; f na-anọchi anya ugboro ike AC; N na-anọchi anya ọnụọgụ nlele n'otu okirikiri ; Ts na-anọchi anya oge nlele.

3.5 RS485 okpomọkụ na iru mmiri ihe mmetụta anwụrụ ọkụ

N'iburu n'uche na eriri ọkụ ọkụ dị na ụdị igbe dị n'ụdị igbe nwere ike ịgbapụta, bufee, mkpirisi okirikiri na oke kọntaktị iguzogide, nke nwere ike ibute ọkụ, na ọdịda nke mmanụ ọkụ na-ekpu mmanụ ọkụ nwere ike ịkpata ọkụ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji wụnye ihe mmetụta anwụrụ ọkụ n'ime igbe ụdị igbe maka nchọpụta ọkụ nke ụdị igbe. Iji chọpụta ọdịda nwere ike ime n'oge. Iji hụ na nha nha nha ma belata ọnụ ahịa n'otu oge, RS485 okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na anwụrụ ọkụ na-eji ihe mmetụta atọ n'ime otu chọpụta okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na anwụrụ ọkụ itinye uche na igbe transformer. Nke ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ na iru mmiri na-eji nyocha SHT30. Mwa ahụ na nnyonye anya pulse na saịtị. Ihe mmetụta nwere 4 waya: uhie, nwa, edo edo, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Maka usoro wiring kpọmkwem nke okpomọkụ na iru mmiri ihe mmetụta anwụrụ ọkụ, biko kpọtụrụ onye nrụpụta IoT.

Mita smart na sensọ emebere na sistemụ a na-agbaso ụkpụrụ Modbus-RTU, nke nwere ike ikwurịta okwu ntụkwasị obi n'ime oke ọnụego baud zuru oke nke 1200-115200. Ọnụego baud nke smart mita na sensọ ka edobere n'otu n'otu na 9600bps. Usoro nnyefe data na usoro ntụgharị data nke ihe mmetụta bụ ndị a:
Ọkpụkpọ etiti ajụjụ data sensọ. Ihe mmetụta ahụ na-agbaso ọkọlọtọ Modbus-RTU protocol, na a na-echekwa ihe mmetụta sensọ na ndekọ ejidere, na koodu ọrụ bụ 04. Kọmputa nke dị n'elu na-agụ usoro etiti ajụjụ data sensọ, na ala kọmputa ihe mmetụta data ajụjụ etiti usoro.

3.6 PT100 okpomọkụ nnyefe - ụkpụrụ nke RTD PT100 - ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ

A na-eji PT100 okpomọkụ na-ebufe iji chọpụta okpomọkụ nke ngbanwe, elu voltaji na ala voltaji cable okpomọkụ, ọ dabara maka saịtị mmepụta ihe dị iche iche. Transformer ga-emepụta mfu n'oge ọrụ, tumadi mfu ígwè na mfu ọla kọpa, makwaara dị ka isi ọnwụ na ibu ọnwụ. Ọnwụ ọla kọpa na-adịgasị iche na ibu dị ugbu a ma dabara na square nke ibu dị ugbu a. Usoro ngụkọ ihe ngbanwe mgbanwe bụ nke a:

Na usoro, P0 na-anọchi anya ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe ngbanwe na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ibu na voltaji a kwadoro; I1 na I2 na-anọchi anya ahịrị elu voltaji dị ugbu a yana eriri akụkụ voltaji dị ugbu a; R1 na R2 na-anọchite anya nkwụsi ike n'akụkụ elu voltaji na nkwụsi ike dị ala.

Ihe na-ebufe okpomọkụ PT100 nwere interface ụgbọ ala RS485, na onye ọ bụla okpomọkụ transmitter nwere ike jikọọ 4 Ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ PT100.

3.7 Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke nnyefe mmiri imikpu

N'ihi na ala mmiri larịị nke igbe substation olulu, a na-enwekarị nchịkọta mmiri na eriri USB na olulu ntọala mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, na enwere ihe ize ndụ nchekwa nke ntapu eriri, ya mere a na-achọ nyocha oge niile na drainage. N'ime imewe a, A na-eji ihe mmetụta immersion mmiri mee ihe iji chọpụta nchịkọta mmiri n'ime olulu ntọala nke igbe igbe.. Ihe mmetụta imikpu mmiri na-etinye ụkpụrụ nke iduzi mmiri mmiri, ma na-eji electrodes chọpụta ma mmiri ọ dị. Họrọ ụdị kọntaktị ihe nchọpụta imikpu mmiri nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta RS485. E gosipụtara ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke onye na-achọpụta immersion mmiri na foto 23.

4. Nhazi ngwanrọ sistemụ

Nhazi ngwanrọ sistemụ gụnyere akụkụ abụọ: the field bus LAN software design of the box-type transformer and the remote monitoring system design of the box-type transformer based on the Gizwits cloud platform. Ngwa nchekwa agbakwunyere microcomputer, smart network mita na smart sensọ na ubi ụgbọ ala netwọk mpaghara nke igbe igbe agbakwunyere ngwa ngwa, ya mere, naanị usoro mmemme ngwanrọ nke onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke transformer igbe ka achọrọ.

4.1 Nhazi nke ngwanrọ njikwa ubi maka mgbanwe ụdị igbe

Onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke mgbanwe igbe bụ usoro agbakwunyere, na usoro ngwanrọ ya nwere mmemme ngwa, API, agbakwunyere sistemụ arụmọrụ na BSP (ngwugwu nkwado osisi). Dị ka àgwà nke ọtụtụ parameters, ọtụtụ ọrụ na ihe achọrọ dị elu nke onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke 10kV nwere ọgụgụ isi ụdị igbe mgbanwe anakọtara., μC/OS-Ⅲ agbakwunyere sistemụ arụmọrụ ezigbo oge, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepe ngwaahịa azụmahịa na nyocha nkuzi, ahọpụtara. μC/OS-Ⅲ na-ewere ọrụ dịka nkeji kacha nta, na ọrụ ọ bụla adịghị mkpa ka ọ na-eche banyere kpọmkwem usoro nlekọta nke ihe onwunwe, nke a na-ekpebi site na sistemụ arụmọrụ.

4.2 Nhazi mmemme ngwanrọ nke onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke mgbanwe ụdị igbe

Nhazi usoro sọftụwia niile dabere na sistemụ kesara nke ngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi mejupụtara, sensọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ubi na ikpo okwu igwe ojii, na imewe na mmepe nke ngwa software na-rụrụ. Nbufe data na mgbanwe, onye na-ahụ maka saịtị na ihe nkesa igwe ojii Gizwits na-eji usoro nzikọrịta ozi Gizwits na firmware GPRS maka nnyefe na mgbanwe data.. Eserese usoro mmemme bụ isi nke sọftụwia ngwa onye na-ahụ maka ubi nke ụdị ngbanwe igbe.

*Mmemme isi ngwanrọ. Mbụ, ibido akụkụ niile nke usoro, dị ka GPIO, Oghere Usoro ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, elekere, njikwa ebe nchekwa, wdg., ma mepụta ọrụ na μC/OS-Ⅲ. STM32 na-arụ ọrụ nnweta na nhazi data ihe mmetụta, ma na-eziga ozi ziri ezi na ngosi LCD. N'otu oge ahụ, STM32 na-eziga iwu AT na modul GPRS-G510, na-agbanwe data, jikọọ na igwe ojii Gizwits site na usoro LwM2M, ma kpee ikpe ma ejikọrọ modul nzikọrịta ozi GPRS na sava igwe ojii Gizwits. Ọ bụrụ na njikọ ahụ na-aga nke ọma, A na-eme nnyefe data. Wee kpee ikpe ma data emeziri ọ̀ karịrị ebe agbadoro.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ obere ọdịda nke igbe igbe, zipu ozi data na mobile APP site na igwe ojii; ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ọdịda n'ozuzu, zipu ozi mkpu data na APP mkpanaaka site na ikpo okwu igwe ojii, wee malite modul nzikọrịta ozi GPRS-GA6 ka izipu ozi mkpu site na SMS ekwentị mkpanaaka; ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nnukwu mmejọ, A ga-eziga ozi mkpu data na ekwentị mkpanaaka APP site na ikpo okwu igwe ojii, na modul nzikọrịta ozi GPRS-GA6 ga-arụ ọrụ izipu ozi mkpu site na ozi ederede ekwentị wee kpọọ ndị ọrụ dabara adaba..