Dhizaini ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-mhando substation yakavakirwa paGizwits IoT papuratifomu + STM32

Iyo 10kV yakangwara bhokisi-mhando substation irimote control system yakaunzwa muchinyorwa chino yakagadzirwa uye yakagadziridzwa naTian Hui weXi'an University of Science and Technology..

Iyo sisitimu inotora dhizaini ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-kuchinja system yefurati revadzidzi mukoreji seyakatangira engineering., uye inogadzira 10kV yakangwara bhokisi-kuchinja sisitimu yakavakirwa pa Internet yezvinhu. Iyo system ine zvikamu zvitatu: perception layer, kutaurirana layer uye application layer. Iyo yekuona layer ine basa rekuunganidza data data uye kuendesa kune yemunda controller.

Kusanganisira sekondari sisitimu michina senge microcomputer kuchengetedza zvishandiso, akangwara network metres, uye akangwara reactive simba muripo controllers, pamwe chete nemidziyo yekuona kwezvakatipoteredza senge tembiricha nehunyoro, fodya, uye masensa ekunyudza mumvura. Iyo pa-saiti controller inoshandisa STM32 yakamisikidzwa microprocessor, kusanganisira LCD kuratidza, izwi alarm module, relay uye GPRS kutaurirana module, etc.; iyo yekutaurirana layer inoshandisa GPRS isina waya yekukurukurirana, iyo inotarisira nzira mbiri-dhata yekufambisa pakati pe-on-saiti controller uye cloud platform; Iyo Gizwits gore chikuva inogadzira iri kure yekutarisa sisitimu uye nharembozha yebhokisi-mhando shanduko, iyo ine basa rekuchengetedza, kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa kwebhokisi-mhando yekushandura data data.

Iyi sisitimu inozopedzisira yaona kutarisisa kwemushandisi kure kwemamiriro ekunze senge tembiricha yakasiyana uye humidity, utsi aramu uye nheyo gomba mvura, pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi akadai seazvino, voltage, frequency uye simba chinhu, uye midziyo yekushanda mamiriro kuburikidza nekombuta WEB kana mobile APP.

Kana pane chisionekwi kana kukanganisa mukushanda kwebhokisi-mhando transformer, iyo monitoring system inongotonga iyo yekukanganisa level, uye inotumira alarm kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wakasiyana wepa-saiti bhero, Nharembozha APP, SMS uye foni, etc., uye inozivisa vashandi vakakodzera kuti vabvise matambudziko akavanzika munguva uye kudzivirira tsaona dzemagetsi. . Inokodzera kutarisisa kure uye nepakati manejimendi ebhokisi transformers uye makamuri ekugovera magetsi, uye inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mwero wehungwaru uye kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo yekugovera magetsi muzvikoro, mabhizinesi nenharaunda.

1. Nhanganyaya

Nekuvaka nekuvandudza kwehupfumi hwemagariro uye kugovera network, kune akawanda uye akawanda 10kV mabhokisi emagetsi. Iyo yechinyakare 10kV bhokisi-mhando substation inowanzo tora maitiro ekushanda asina kutariswa uye manyore yekuongorora nguva dzose., iyo ine yakaderera dhigirii yehungwaru uye inoshaya kure kutarisa uye kukanganisa alarm masisitimu ezvakatipoteredza nemidziyo. Parizvino, nekukurumidza kuvandudza kweiyo smart sensor tekinoroji, embedded teknolojia, kutaurirana tekinoroji uye cloud computing tekinoroji uye kuderedzwa kwemutengo, iyo 10kV smart box-type substation yakavakirwa paInternet Yezvinhu yave sarudzo yakanakisa yekusimudzira nekushandura kwechinyakare bhokisi-mhando zviteshi..

Iyo yakangwara bhokisi-mhando substation iri kure yekutarisa sisitimu yakavakirwa paInternet yezvinhu inogona kutarisa kure bhokisi-mhando substation nharaunda., kushanda paramita uye chimiro chemidziyo munguva chaiyo. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.

Vashandisi vanogona kutarisa kure kure zvakatipoteredza paramita senge tembiricha uye humidity yebhokisi, chiutsi alarm, uye kuungana kwemvura mumakomba enheyo, pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi akadai seazvino, voltage, frequency, uye simba chinhu, uye mamiriro emidziyo kuburikidza nemakomputa kana mafoni APP chero nguva. Apo bhokisi substation rinomhanya zvisina kujairika kana kutadza, iyo yekutarisa system inozozivisa vashandi vakakodzera kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzenharembozha APP, SMS uye foni zvinoenderana nedanho rekukanganisa, kuitira kubvisa kukanganisa kwakavanzika munguva uye kudzivirira njodzi dzemagetsi.

10kV smart box-type substation yakavakirwa paInternet yezvinhu

Iyo yekure yekutarisa sisitimu yeiyo smart bhokisi-mhando substation ine a "fieldbus LAN" mukati mebhokisi-mhando substation uye a "cloud platform wide-area network" kunze kwebhokisi-mhando substation. Iyi modhi yezvimiro inogona kushandiswa pakuvandudza masisitimu ekutarisa ari kure emagetsi echipiri ekushandisa mvura ari kure ekutarisa masisitimu, pekugara magetsi kuchaja manejimendi masisitimu, uye elevator kure yekutarisa masisitimu ekuvandudza hungwaru uye manejimendi nhanho yemidziyo yechinyakare uye kukurudzira kukwidziridzwa kwemaindasitiri echinyakare.. Iine yakanaka application kukosha.

2. Dhizaini yepurogiramu yakazara

Dhizaini yesmart box-type substation yakavakirwa paInternet Yezvinhu yakavakirwa pakugadzirwa kwe10kV smart box-type substation mufurati yevadzidzi vekoreji.. Iyo yekutanga sisitimu dhizaini ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-mhando yekushandura yakafanana neiyo yechinyakare 10kV box-type transformer., uye inoita kunge yakura. Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa kugadzirwa kwakangwara kwe10kV smart box-type transformer. Inotevera ipfupi pfupiso yezvakagadzirwa zvekutanga system ye10kV smart box-type transformer..

2.1 Yekutanga sisitimu dhizaini ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-mhando substation

Simba rekutakura reNo. 5 mudzidzi furati chivakwa muyunivhesiti ari kunyanya chiedza, makombiyuta uye mitoro ichangobva kuwedzerwa air conditioner. Imwe neimwe dormitory inoverengerwa se 8 vanhu, mutoro wekuvhenekesa ndeye 100W, mudzidzi wega wega komputa mutoro ndeye 200W, uye imwe neimwe 1.5P split-type hanger ichangobva kuiswa ine air conditioners Simba iri 1.3kW, uye mutoro weimba yekurara imwe chete i3.0kW. Maererano ne "Industrial and Civil Power Supply and Distribution Design Manual", dormitory simba remutoro rinoda coefficient iri 0.7, uye simba chinhu chiri 0.8.

Tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kwemagetsi mutoro weimba yevadzidzi mune ramangwana, iyo transformer inoda kuchengetedza imwe margin, uye transformer ine simba re 1000kVA inosarudzwa. Tichifunga nezvekutanga mari yekudyara uye mutengo wekushandisa we transformer, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa nemitemo yenyika yekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kubuda, iyo yakaderera-kurasikirwa yakavharwa zvizere mafuta-akanyudzwa transformer S13-M-1000/10-0.4 inosarudzirwa chinangwa ichi..

Pahwaro hwomutoro nhamba kukarukureta, short-circuit calculation, dynamic stability verification uye thermal stability verification, midziyo huru yegadziriro yekutanga yebhokisi-mhando transformer inosarudzwa. Iwo chaiwo mamodheru uye tekinoroji ma parameter eiyo huru midziyo yekutanga system inoratidzwa muTafura 3, Tafura 4, Tafura 5 uye Tafura 6.

Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zveNo. 5 mudzidzi furati purojekiti bhokisi substation uye yekutanga system dhizaini kuverenga, iyo huru wiring dhizaini yeyakagadzirirwa yekutanga system yeNo. 5 kamuri yevadzidzi bhokisi substation inoratidzwa muFigure 2.

Mufananidzo 2 : Iyo huru wiring dhizaini yepuraimari system yebhokisi-mhando substation mufurati revadzidzi muyunivhesiti

2.2 Yakangwara Dhizaini Scheme ye10kV Box Transformer

Kutarisira kukanganisa kwedhizaini uye matambudziko aripo mukushanda manejimendi ye10kV yechinyakare bhokisi-mhando substation., kiyi yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri mukuvakwa kweiyo yakavharwa-loop system yekuona, kure nekutarisa uye alarm yeakangwara bhokisi-mhando substation nharaunda nemidziyo, uye dhizaini ine kure kure kutarisa kwenzvimbo yekushanda uye midziyo yemagetsi Iyo yakangwara bhokisi rekushandura system ine mabasa akasiyana siyana inogona kuunganidza nekutarisa zvakatipoteredza paramita sebhokisi rekushandura kupinda kutonga., ambient tembiricha uye mwando, chiutsi alarm, uye mvura mumugero wetambo, uyewo voltage, current, simba rinoshanda, reactive simba, simba chinhu, cable tembiricha, transformer transformer, etc.

Kupisa kwemuviri uye gasi aramu chiratidzo uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvinoshanda paramita, remote control exhaust fan, microcomputer kudzivirira mudziyo uye wedunhu breaker switch.

Iyo sisitimu inotora zviridzwa zvakangwara uye smart sensors ine mabasa ekutaurirana anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzeindasitiri, uye inotumira iyo yakaunganidzwa data kumutongi wemunda kuburikidza nekutaurirana bhazi remumunda, uye mutongi wemunda anotumira data kune server kana cloud host computer kuburikidza ne wireless kana wired communication module. Ziva mabasa akadai se telemetry, remote signing uye remote control.

Iyo iri kure yekutarisa sisitimu ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi shanduko yakavakirwa paInternet Yezvinhu inoshandisa yakangwara zviridzwa uye masensa ane dijitari nzira mbiri dzekukurukurirana basa., uye zvakafanana inotora yakajairwa RS485 bhazi interface uye Modbus-RTU kutaurirana protocol. Iyo kure yekutarisa sisitimu yehungwaru bhokisi shanduko yakavakirwa paInternet yezvinhu inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: the perception layer, iyo yekutaurirana layer uye iyo application layer.
* Perception layer: kuburikidza neakasiyana smart metres uye smart sensors kuunganidza dzakasiyana siyana nharaunda, midziyo yekushandisa parameter uye midziyo yekushanda mamiriro ebhokisi transformer, uye tumira iyo data kumutongi wemunda kuburikidza nebhazi reRS485. Mutongi wemunda ane yakavakirwa-mukati yekushandisa system uye ine data kuunganidza, Computing, kugadzirisa uye kutonga mabasa.
* Kukurukurirana layer: Iyi layer ndiyo yekubatanidza uye chinongedzo chekufambisa nekuchinjana data, uye ine basa rekufambiswa kwemaviri-nzira yedata pakati pepuratifomu yegore uye pa-saiti controller. Maererano nemamiriro chaiwo ekukurukurirana kwebhokisi-mhando ye transformer, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukurukurirana dzakadai sewaya optical cable, Ethernet kana isina waya GPRS inogona kusarudzwa kutumira data kupuratifomu yegore.
*Application layer: Dhizaina uye gadzira kure kure yekutarisa sisitimu yebhokisi-mhando transformers pane gore papuratifomu, mutoro wekutumira, kugamuchira uye kugadzirisa nhoroondo data, kure nekutarisisa kwebhokisi-mhando transformer inoshanda paramita, uye kurekodha kuchengetedza uye kuongororwa kwechiitiko chekushanda data. Uye gadzira WEB uye mobile APP pane gore papuratifomu, wemagetsi ari pabasa anogona kutarisa data rekushanda uye midziyo yekushanda mamiriro ebhokisi rekushandura chero nguva kuburikidza nekombuta kana mobile APP..

3. System hardware dhizaini

3.1 RS485 bhazi yemunharaunda nharaunda network yebhokisi rekushandura saiti

Nekuvandudza uye kufambira mberi kweiyo yakadzika tekinoroji uye kuderedzwa kwemutengo, michina yakawanda yekuona, masensor uye ma actuators akavakira-mukati mamicroprocessors ekukanganisa uye matambudziko ekufambisa kwemashoko echinyakare bhokisi-mhando yemunda michina., iyo inogona kupedzisa AD DA kutendeuka uye mutsara uye dhijitari kusefa. Iyo serial yekutaurirana data interface inowedzerwa mukati meaya madhijitari emunda madivayiri, uye serial-nzira mbiri kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo yemumunda inogona kuitika nekushandisa yakabatana yakajairika yekutaurirana protocol.

Inonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri mabhazi network parizvino.

Imwe yemakiyi ekugadzirwa kweiyo kure yekutarisa sisitimu yeakangwara bhokisi-mhando yekushandura ndeyekusarudza smart zviridzwa uye masensa ane edhijitari nzira mbiri dzekutaurirana mabasa., uye kutora akajairwa uye akabatana mabhazi ekubatanidza uye maprotocol ekutaurirana. Kutanga kubva pakuita kweinjiniya ye10kV smart bhokisi-mhando shanduko dhizaini muNo. 5 imba yevadzidzi, iyo RS485 bhazi uye Modbus-RTU kutaurirana protocol kazhinji inotsigirwa neakangwara masensa inosarudzwa.

Zvinoenderana neiyo huru wiring dhizaini yepuraimari system yebhokisi-transformer mufurati yevadzidzi mukoreji uye system block dhizaini ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-transformer kure yekutarisa system., iyo system hardware dhizaini inotora bhokisi-shanduko yemunda controller seyakanyanya, uye ine microcomputer yakabatanidzwa kudzivirira mudziyo, ine hungwaru network mita uye ane hungwaru reactive simba Sekondari sisitimu midziyo senge compensator, uye masensa ekuona kwezvakatipoteredza akadai tembiricha uye mwando utsi sensors, PT100 tembiricha sensors uye mvura intrusion sensors inoumba iyo RS485 bhazi yemunharaunda nharaunda network yebhokisi-kune-bhokisi shanduko saiti.. Iyo RS485 bhazi yemunharaunda nharaunda network system dhizaini yebhokisi inoshandura inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.

RS485 bhazi yemunharaunda nharaunda network system dhizaini yebhokisi-mhando shanduko saiti

(1) RS485 serial kutaurirana bhazi

Iyo yekutaurirana modhi yeRS485 bhazi ndiyo master-muranda maitiro, uye tenzi mudziyo anovhota yega yega mudziyo wenhapwa wekutaurirana, uye imwe-kune-multi-point networking inogona kugadzwa kuti iite yakagoverwa system. Iyo RS485 interface ndeye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya yakaderera-kumhanya serial interface, uye iyo RS485 interface ine zvinotevera maitiro.
* RS485 interface.

RS485 interface kutaurirana inotora musiyano wekufambisa maitiro, uye ine musanganiswa wekuenzanisa mutyairi uye musiyano wekugamuchira, uye inoshandisa musiyano wevoltage kumativi ese etambo kuendesa masaini, iyo inosimudzira zvakanyanya kugona kurwisa zvakajairika-modhi kupindira uye anti-ruzha kupindira.
* RS485 bhazi rine yakakwirira kutapurirana mwero uye kureba kutapurirana chinhambwe. Iyo yakakura yekufambisa kureba ndeye 1200 mamita, uye iyo yakanyanya kutapurirana mwero ndeye 10Mbps; mwero wayo wekutapurirana unopesana nenhambwe yekufambisa, uye kureba kwekufambisa kure kunogona kusvikwa kana mwero uri pasi pe20kbps.
* Tsigira node dzakawanda. Kazhinji, iyo RS485 bhazi loop inogona kutsigira nedzidziso 247 mudziyo nodes.

(2) Modbus-RTU serial kutaurirana protocol

Iyo Modbus protocol inoshandiswa kune indasitiri yebhazi network. Kuburikidza neprotocol, kutaurirana kwedata kunogona kuitwa pakati pemutongi nemidziyo yemumunda. Midziyo inogadzirwa nevagadziri vakasiyana inogona kuumba maindasitiri bhazi network yekutarisa system ichitevera yakabatana protocol. Iyo protocol ine tenzi-muranda chimiro, imwe master node mune network, uye mamwe mapfumo evaranda, uye yega yega node yevaranda ine yakasarudzika kero yemuchina.

Mune serial bhazi network, iyo master node inotanga kuraira, uye midziyo yose yevaranda ichagamuchira murairo. Murairo weModbus une kero yechishandiso chevaranda chinoita murairo, uye mudziyo wenhapwa wakasarudzwa nemuchina mukuru unopindura kutanga wobva waita murairo. Kune macheki mumirairo yeModbus kuve nechokwadi chekuti mirairo inosvika haina kushatiswa.. Mirairo yeModbus inogona kuraira iyo RTU kuti ichinje kukosha kwayo kwerejista, verenga kana kudzora chiteshi cheI / O, uye raira mudziyo kuti udzose imwe kana akawanda kunyoresa data.

Modbus inosanganisira ASCII, RTU uye TCP matatu meseji mhando. ASCII transmission mode, Kuongorora kweLRC, kuderera kwekutapurirana kunyatsoshanda, asi intuitive, nyore uye nyore kugadzirisa. RTU transmission mode, uchishandisa CRC cheki, kukwirira kwekutapurirana zvakanaka, zvishoma zvakaoma kupfuura ASCII. Kazhinji kutaura, kana huwandu hwe data huchafambiswa hudiki, unogona kufunga kushandisa ASCII protocol; kana huwandu hwe data huchafambiswa hwakakura, zviri nani kushandisa iyo RTU protocol. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zviridzwa zvine hungwaru uye masensa eiyi system anotora iyo Modbus-RTU yekutaurirana modhi zvakafanana.

3.2 Hardware Dhizaini yeMunda Controller yeBhokisi Transformer

Mutongi wemunda webhokisi rekushandura rinoumbwa neyakaiswa system. Iyo yakamisikidzwa sisitimu ndeye application-centric, software uye hardware zvinogona kugadzirwa, uye inoziva michina automation, njere, uye kure monitoring mabasa. Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa neyakadzamirwa microprocessors, zvinoenderana hardware, embedded operating systems, uye application software system.

(1) STM32 microprocessor shoma system

Iyo yakaderera sisitimu yeyakamisikidzwa microprocessor inosanganisira yakamisikidzwa microprocessor, reset circuit uye debugging circuit. Wechi wachi inopa inodiwa yekunze wachi chiratidzo, iyo reset reset inopa yakabatana yekutanga mamiriro, uye debugging redunhu inopa chinongedzo chekurodha chirongwa uye kugadzirisa.
* Embedded microprocessor sarudzo. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zve10kV intelligent box transformer remote monitoring system yekuita kweiyo-saiti controller., iyi sisitimu inosarudza iyo STM32F103ZET6 chip seyakanyanya microprocessor yemutongi wepa-saiti.. STM32F103ZET6 yakamisikidzwa microprocessor, MCU ine kubatanidzwa kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye kudhura kwekuita. Iyo yakakodzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvinodiwa muindasitiri yekurapa yeindasitiri, uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutorwa kwedata uye chaiyo-nguva yekugadzirisa iyi system.
* Crystal oscillator wedunhu. Iyo crystal oscillator circuit inopa yakagadziriswa frequency pulse kune microprocessor kuita kuti microprocessor ishande zvakajairwa.. Iyo STM32 microprocessor ine maviri ekristaro oscillator, iyo 8MHz crystal oscillator inopa yekunze yakakwirira-kumhanya wachi, uye 32.768KHz crystal oscillator inopa yekunze yakaderera-kumhanya wachi.

* Reset circuit. Basa re microprocessor reset reset nderekutangazve sisitimu. Kana iyo system yatadza, tinya bhatani reset kuti utangezve mudziyo. Kazhinji, reset reset inoshandisa yakaderera-level chiratidzo kuti itangezve.

(2) Simba redunhu dhizaini

Iyo sisitimu inosarudza DC yekunze simba rekupa ine yakayerwa voltage ye12V (2A), uye inosarudza DC 5V (2A) gadziriso yemagetsi ine USB interface yekupa simba kumunda controller. Iyo 12V DC simba rekupa yakabatana kune control board, uye iyo DC 12V magetsi inodzikiswa kuti iwane DC 5V magetsi kuburikidza neLM2596S nhanho-pasi module.. Iyo 5V voltage inozopfuura nepaiyo AMS1117-3.3V regulator chip kuti iwane 3.3V voltage yekupa simba kune STM32 chip.. Iyo yedunhu dhayagiramu yeLM2596S uye AMS1117-3.3V magetsi emagetsi regulator inoratidzwa muMufananidzo. 8.

(3) RS485 interface kune TTL module

Iyo RS485 interface kune TTL module inoona nzira mbiri kutendeuka uye kutaurirana kweRS485 chiratidzo uye TTL chiratidzo., asi chiratidzo chinofanira kuitwa zvakachinjana, uye haigone kuitwa munzira mbiri panguva imwe chete. Zvese zvishandiso zvemumunda zvinoshandisa module iyi kubatana neiyo microcontroller, uye iyo wiring diagram inoratidzwa muFigure 9.

Wiring Digiramu yeTFT-LCD uye STM32 MCU - Mufananidzo 9

(4) LCD kuratidza module

Sezvo ari pa-saiti controller yebhokisi-mhando yekuremotesa yekutarisa system inoda kuratidza akawanda manhamba uye mavara, 2.8-inch TFT-LCD liquid crystal display inosarudzwa seyo module yekuratidzira, uye pane ILI9341 controller mukati. Funga STM32 inogona kutaurirana neILI9341 kuburikidza neSPI interface, 8080 interface kana RGB interface. Kuti uwane kukurumidza kuvandudza mwero, TFT-LCD inoshandisa 8080 parallel data bus interface. STM32 inoburitsa data kune iyo ILI9341 controller memory kuburikidza neinosiyana static memory FSMC module..

(5) Voice alarm module

Kana iyo STM32 microprocessor yaona kuti pane zvisirizvo kana kukanganisa mu data rekushanda rebhokisi rekushandura., iyo inotumira meseji kune serial port uye tanga izwi alarm. Iyo izwi alarm module inosarudza inowanzo shandiswa izwi chip SYN6288, uye inotepfenyura otomatiki ruzivo rwearamu maererano nechirongwa chakarongwa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa GB2312 kodhi, iyo inokodzera kuchinjisa ruzivo muChinese maitiro ekugadzirisa uye Chinese hunhu kutaurirana. Iyo SYN6288 zvakare inonyatso ziva nhamba, nguva nemisi, uye zvikamu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvekuyera.

(6) Relay module

Mutongi wemunda anosarudza boka re2-nzira optocoupler isolation relay modules kudzora kuvhurwa nekuvhara kweDC 12V alarm bhero uye fan., uye iyo 220V AC solid state relay inogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemagetsi ekupa uye simba rebhokisi-mhando yekupedza fan. Imwe neimwe relay yedunhu module inowanzo kuvhurika uye inowanzovharika mabiko, pamwe chete nechiratidzo chemamiriro e LED; imwe neimwe relay circuit yakaparadzaniswa neoptocouplers, uye yakashongedzerwa nefreewheeling diode kuburitsa iyo induced voltage yeiyo relay uye kuchengetedza dunhu rakapfuura.. Kana iyo ambient tembiricha yebhokisi transformer inodarika imwe siyana, iyo pa-saiti controller inoburitsa yakakwira mwero, uye imwe optocoupler isolation relay inoita kuvhura fan kuti itonhore pasi; apo zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvakadai sehuwandu hwekusvuta hutsi hunoitika, mutongi anotyaira imwe optocoupler isolation relay yekubatanidza Iyo alarm bell loop inotumira on-saiti alarm. Kune iyo yekushanda musimboti dhizaini yeiyo relay uye yekubatanidza dhizaini pakati peiyo relay module uye STM32 chip., ndapota taura nemugadziri uye tumira chikumbiro.

(7) Communication module

Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zve10kV yakangwara bhokisi transformer kure yekutarisa system, kutaurirana pakati peakangwara bhokisi transformer uye gore rinosarudza GPRS isina waya yekukurukurirana nzira ine yakaderera traffic traffic. Gizwits firmware GPRS module.
*Gizwits firmware GPRS module (G510_GAgent firmware). Iyi module chirongwa chekushandisa chinomhanya pane akasiyana mamodule ekutaurirana, inopa mabasa akadai senzira mbiri-yekufambisa kwegore uye chigadzirwa data data, gadziriso yemudziyo mune network, kuwanikwa uye kusunga, uye kuvandudzwa kwepurogiramu. Dhiyagiramu yedunhu pakati peGPRS module uye mukuru controller inogona kuwanikwa nekubata mugadziri.

*GPRS-GA6 module. Iyi module inogona kuona kutapurirana kwezwi, meseji pfupi uye data ine yakaderera simba kushandiswa. Iyo yakakodzera kune akasiyana dhizaini zvinodiwa muM2M application, kunyanya pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa. Chechipiri, iyo yekutaurirana protocol inotora UART serial port bus transmission, inoshandisa yakajairwa AT mirairo kudzora module, uye inosarudza iyo baud mwero we115200bps. Bata ne IoT mugadziri yekubatanidza dhiyabhorosi dhizaini yeGPRS-GA6 module uye STM32 microcontroller.

3.3 Microcomputer yakazara kudzivirira mudziyo

Zvinoenderana neiyo simba transformer kuchengetedza dhizaini yakatarwa (GB/T 50062-2008), 10kV transformers kazhinji inoda kuisa overcurrent dziviriro ine nguva yakatarwa. Iyo microcomputer inodzivirira mudziyo ine dziviriro, kuyerwa nekudzora mabasa evashanduri nemitsara, pamwe chete nemabasa ekutora data, monitoring uye system kuzviongorora, uye ane high senitivity uye kuvimbika.

Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zve10kV yakangwara bhokisi shanduko mufurati yevadzidzi, iyo Ankerui AM3-I yazvino-mhando microcomputer yakazara kudzivirira mudziyo ine RS485 yekutaurirana basa inosarudzwa., pamwe IA, IB, IC, UA, UB, UC, P, Q, Fr uye mamwe magetsi Parameter kuyerwa, 8-chiteshi chekunze chinja chiratidzo chekuwana, uye wedunhu breaker remote control kuvhura nekuvhara mashandiro uye mamwe mabasa. Iyo wiring terminal dhizaini ye AM3-I microcomputer yekudzivirira mudziyo unotevera:

Wiring terminal dhizaini ye AM3-I microcomputer yekudzivirira mudziyo

3.4. Smart network mita

Smart network metres anoshandiswa kuona magetsi parameter senge matatu-phase current, voltage uye simba repasi-voltage simba rekugovera maseketi, pamwe chete nekuvhura nekuvhara mamiriro ekuzvitsaura ma switch uye mabreaker circuit. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvechipiri system ye10kV intelligent box transformer, Ankerui ACR yakangwara network mita ine RS485 yekutaurirana basa inosarudzwa, uye iyo wiring dhiyagiramu yeACR yakangwara network mita uye yakaderera-voltage ikozvino transformer uye wiring dhayagiramu yekupinza yekuchinja uye kubuda inosarudzwa..

ACR smart network mita yakaderera-voltage ikozvino transformer uye yedhijitari yekupinda uye inobuda wiring dhizaini

ACR smart network mita inotora Modbus-RTU protocol, iyo inogona kuyera uye kuunganidza simba parameters. Iyo switch yekupinza basa inogona kuona shanduko yekuchinja kweiyo yekuparadzanisa switch uye wedunhu breaker, uye iyo relay inobuda basa inogona kure kure nekudzima uye kudzima wedunhu breaker. Iyo ACR yakangwara network mita ine chirongwa chakabatana chetafura yekero yekutaurirana, iyo inogona kuona matatu ari kure mabasa e telemetry, remote signing uye remote control.

(1) AD kutendeuka uye kuverenga kweiyo AC analog chiratidzo

The 3 phase voltage zviratidzo uye 3 zviratidzo zvemazuva ano (ikozvino transformer inobuda zviratidzo) yakaunganidzwa zvakananga neiyo ACR smart network mita ese ane analog uwandu, iyo inoda kushandurwa kuita masaini edhijitari anogona kuzivikanwa neCPU yekugadzira data. Chekutanga, the 3 phase voltages ye220V uye 3 analogs azvino anoshandurwa kuita yakaderera-voltage masaini kuburikidza neinoshandura, uye yakashandurwa kuita voltage inobvumirwa neAD converter kuburikidza nevoltage yekugadzira loop; , inoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chedhijitari neAD uye kuisa kuCPU. Iyo schematic dhizaini yesampling uye AD yekushandura maitiro eiyo AC analog huwandu inogona kuwanikwa nekubata mugadziri..

* Analog voltage shanduko uye yakaderera-pass kusefa. Basa remagetsi ekugadzira dunhu nderekuparadzanisa nemagetsi uye kushandura magetsi. Kazhinji, iyo AD inoshandura inoda kuti chiratidzo chekuisa ive ± 5V uye ± 10V, saka chiyero chekushandura chevheji inoshandura inogona kutariswa. Mafirita epasi-pasi akakamurwa kuita mafirita anofamba uye mafirita anoshanda. Masefa anoshanda anoumbwa nema capacitors, resistors uye akabatanidzwa anoshanda amplifiers, iyo inosimudzira chiratidzo paunenge uchisefa. Passive mafirita anongove nemabasa ekusefa asi hapana chiratidzo chekusimudzira mabasa.
* Analog chiratidzo sampling. Iyo sampling process inofanirwa kutevedzera Shannon's sampling theorem, ndizvo, sampling frequency haifanire kunge iri shoma pane 2 nguva dzepamusoro-soro yechiratidzo chekupinza. Iyo sampling process inokurumidza chaizvo. Iyo yazvino AD inoshandura sampling yasvika iyo nanosecond level, nepo nguva yekuenzanisira yemagetsi system otomatiki mudziyo iri padanho remillisecond, saka magetsi uye masaini ezvino zvishwe zvitanhatu anogona kugovera imwe AD converter, asi sampling wedunhu Inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nesample-uye-kubata mudziyo uye multiplexer switch.
* AD kutendeuka. AD converters zvinosanganisira inotevedzana kufungidzira, integral, kuverenga, parallel kuenzanisa, uye VFC voltage-frequency converters. Iyo inoteedzana approximation AD converter mumiriri wezvose zviri zviviri kumhanya uye nemazvo muADC, uye ine kutendeuka kwepamusoro kugadzirisa pamwero wepamusoro wekushandura.

(2) Half cycle absolute value integration algorithm ye sinusoidal electric quantity

Kiyi yesoftware algorithm ndeyekuvandudza iko kurongeka uye kumhanya kweiyo algorithm mashandiro. Kiyi ye AC sampling algorithm ye smart mita ndeyekugadzirisa maitiro ekuverenga amplitude kana kukosha kweiyo sinusoidal sampling chiratidzo zvinoenderana nekukosha kwepakarepo kwechiratidzo che sinusoidal.. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa algorithm ye sine quantities ndiyo hafu-kutenderera absolute kukosha kwekubatanidza algorithm.. Nheyo yehafu-yekutenderera kukosha kwekubatanidza algorithm ndeyekuti iyo inobatanidzwa yekukosha kweiyo sine yakawanda mune chero hafu kutenderera inogara S., uye kukosha kwakakosha kunogara S hakunei nechokuita neiyo yakakosha yekutanga angle . Iyo hafu-yekutenderera kukosha kwekubatanidza algorithm yakavakirwa pane sine basa modhi inoratidzwa muFigure 19.

Algorithm yehafu-kutenderera absolute kukosha kubatanidzwa kwakavakirwa pane sine basa modhi

Chirevo chekuverenga kukosha kunoshanda kweyazvino nekushandisa iyo hafu-yekutenderera kukosha yakakosha algorithm inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.:

Muchidimbu, S inomiririra kubatanidzwa kweiyo yakakwana kukosha mukati mehafu yenguva; Ini ndinomiririra kukosha kunoshanda kwezvino; ndinomiririra kukosha kwepakarepo kwezvino; w inomiririra kumhanya kweangular; T inomiririra AC simba kutenderera; f inomiririra AC simba frequency; N inomiririra nhamba yemasampuli muchikamu chimwe chete ; Ts inomiririra nguva yekuenzanisira.

3.5 RS485 tembiricha uye humidity utsi sensor

Tichifunga kuti tambo yemagetsi mubhokisi-mhando transformer inogona kunge iine kuvuza, overload, pfupi-circuit uye yakawandisa kuonana kuramba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera moto, uye kukundikana kwemafuta emafuta-akanyudzwa transformer anogona kukonzera moto. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuisa sensor yeutsi mubhokisi-mhando ye transformer yekuona moto webhokisi-mhando transformer. Kuti uone kutadza kunokwanisa kare. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuyera kurongeka uye kuderedza mutengo panguva imwe chete, iyo RS485 tembiricha, humidity uye utsi 3-in-one sensor inoshandiswa kuona tembiricha, humidity uye kusunganidzwa kweutsi mubhokisi rekushandura. The tembiricha uye humidity sensor inoshandisa iyo SHT30 probe. Pa-saiti surge uye pulse kupindira. Iyo sensor ine 4 waya: tsvuku, nhema, yero, uye green. Kune chaiyo wiring nzira yekushisa uye humidity utsi sensor, ndapota taura nemugadziri weIoT.

Iwo akangwara metres uye masensa akagadzirwa mune ino system anotora iyo Modbus-RTU protocol, iyo inogona kutaurirana yakavimbika mukati meiyo yakazara baud mwero we 1200-115200. Iyo baud mwero wemamita akangwara uye masensa akaiswa zvakafanana ku9600bps. Iyo data yekufambisa fomati uye data yekushandura fomati ye sensor ndiyo inotevera:
Sensor data query frame format. Iyo sensor inotevera yakajairwa Modbus-RTU protocol, uye kuverenga kwe sensor kunochengetwa murejista yekubata, uye kodhi yebasa iri 04. Iyo yekumusoro komputa inoverenga iyo sensor data yekubvunza furemu fomati, uye yakaderera komputa sensor data yekubvunza furemu fomati.

3.6 PT100 tembiricha transmitter - kushanda musimboti weRTD PT100 - kushanda musimboti wekushisa sensor

PT100 tembiricha transmitter inoshandiswa kuona inoshandura tembiricha yemuviri, high voltage uye low voltage cable tembiricha, inokodzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeindasitiri. Transformer inoburitsa kurasikirwa panguva yekushanda, kunyanya kurasikirwa kwesimbi uye kurasikirwa kwemhangura, inozivikanwawo sekurasikirwa kwepakati uye kurasikirwa kwemutoro. Kurasikirwa kwemhangura kunosiyana nemutoro wezvino uye inoenzana neskweya yemutoro wezvino. Transformer kurasikirwa yekuverenga fomula ndeiyi inotevera:

Muchidimbu, P0 inomiririra simba rinoshanda retransformer mukusatakura-mutoro paiyo yakatemerwa voltage; I1 uye I2 inomiririra high-voltage line ikozvino uye yakaderera-voltage side line ikozvino; R1 uye R2 inomiririra yakakwira-voltage side resistance uye yakaderera-voltage side resistance.

Iyo PT100 tembiricha transmitter yakamisikidzwa neRS485 bhazi interface, uye tembiricha yega yega inogona kubatana nayo 4 PT100 tembiricha sensors.

3.7 Kushanda musimboti wemvura inonyudza transmitter

Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera mvura mwero webhokisi substation hwaro gomba, pane kazhinji kuunganidzwa kwemvura mumugero wetambo uye gomba rekutanga mushure memvura zhinji, uye kune njodzi inogona kuitika yekudonha kwetambo, saka kutariswa kusiri kwenguva uye kudhiraivha kunodiwa. Mukugadzira uku, iyo mvura inonyudza sensor inoshandiswa kuona kuunganidzwa kwemvura mugomba rekutanga rebhokisi substructure.. Iyo sensor yekunyudza mumvura inoshandisa musimboti wekufambiswa kwemvura, uye inoshandisa maelectrodes kuona kana kune mvura. Sarudza yekubata mhando yekunyudza mvura detector ine RS485 yekutaurirana basa. Nheyo yekushanda ye detector yekunyudza mvura inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 23.

4. System software design

Iyo system software dhizaini inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: the field bus LAN software design of the box-type transformer and the remote monitoring system design of the box-type transformer based on the Gizwits cloud platform. Iyo microcomputer yakabatanidzwa kudzivirira mudziyo, smart network mita uye smart sensor mumunda webhazi nharaunda nharaunda network yebhokisi transformer yakamisikidza application software, saka chete software dhizaini yemumunda controller yebhokisi transformer inodiwa.

4.1 Dhizaini yemunda controller software yebhokisi-mhando transformer

Mutongi wemunda webhokisi rekushandura is embedded system, uye software yayo inoumbwa nechirongwa chekushandisa, API, yakadzamirwa sisitimu yekushandisa uye BSP (bhodhi rutsigiro pasuru). Maererano nehunhu hwema parameter akawanda, mabasa mazhinji uye yakakwirira-chaiyo-nguva zvinodiwa zvakaunganidzwa nemunda controller ye10kV yakangwara bhokisi-mhando transformer., iyo μC/OS-Ⅲ yakamisikidzwa chaiyo-nguva yekushandisa system, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chekutengesa uye kutsvaga kwekudzidzisa, inosarudzwa. μC/OS-Ⅲ inoona mabasa sechikamu chidiki, uye chero basa haridi kuve nehanya nezve chaiyo manejimendi nzira yezviwanikwa, iyo inotarirwa nehurongwa hwekushanda.

4.2 Software chirongwa dhizaini yemunda controller yebhokisi-mhando transformer

Iyo yese software system dhizaini yakavakirwa pane yakagoverwa sisitimu inoumbwa nehungwaru zviridzwa, sensors, vatariri veminda uye mapuratifomu emakore, uye dhizaini nekuvandudzwa kwesoftware software inoitwa. Kutumira data uye kuchinjana, ari pa-saiti controller uye Gizwits cloud server vanoshandisa iyo Gizwits communication protocol muGPRS firmware kutumira data nekuchinjana.. Iyo huru chirongwa chinoyerera chati yemunda controller application software yebhokisi-mhando transformer.

*Software main program. Chekutanga, tanga zvikamu zvese zvehurongwa, zvakadai seGPIO, serial port, wachi, ndangariro management, etc., uye gadzira mabasa mu μC/OS-Ⅲ. STM32 inoita sensor data kutora uye kugadzirisa, uye inotumira ruzivo rwechokwadi kuLCD kuratidza. Panguva imwe, iyo STM32 inotumira AT mirairo kuGPRS-G510 module, exchanges data, inobatana neGizwits cloud platform kuburikidza neLwM2M protocol, uye inotonga kana iyo GPRS yekutaurirana module yakabatana zvakabudirira kune Gizwits cloud server. Kana kubatana kwakabudirira, kuendesa data kunoitwa. Wobva watonga kana iyo data yakagadziriswa yakakura kupfuura yakatarwa pachikumbaridzo.
Kana iri kutadza kudiki kwebhokisi substation, tumira iyo data data kune mobile APP kuburikidza neyegore papuratifomu; kana kuri kukundikana zvachose, tumira iyo data alarm ruzivo kune mobile APP kuburikidza neyegore papuratifomu, uye tanga iyo GPRS-GA6 yekutaurirana module kutumira iyo alarm ruzivo kuburikidza nenharembozha SMS; kana iri mhosva huru, iyo data alarm data inotumirwa kune nhare mbozha APP kuburikidza neyegore chikuva, uye iyo GPRS-GA6 yekutaurirana module ichaitwa kuti itumire iyo alarm ruzivo kuburikidza nenharembozha meseji uye kufonera preset yakakodzera vashandi..