Zane na 10kV na fasaha na nau'in nau'in akwati bisa tushen Gizwits IoT + Saukewa: STM32

Zane na 10kV na fasaha na nau'in nau'in akwati bisa tushen Gizwits IoT + Saukewa: STM32

Tian Hui na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Xi'an ne ya kera shi kuma ya samar da na'urar sarrafa ramut mai karfin 10kV..

Tsarin yana ɗaukar ƙirar tsarin canza akwatin fasaha na 10kV don ɗakin ɗalibi a cikin kwaleji a matsayin asalin injiniya., kuma yana tsara tsarin canza akwatin fasaha na 10kV bisa ga Intanet na Abubuwa. Tsarin ya ƙunshi sassa uku: Layer tsinkaye, sadarwa Layer da aikace-aikace Layer. Layer tsinkaye yana da alhakin tattara bayanan firikwensin da watsawa zuwa mai kula da filin.

Ciki har da na'urorin tsarin sakandare kamar na'urorin kariya na microcomputer, mita cibiyar sadarwa mai hankali, da masu kula da biyan diyya na hankali, da kayan aikin gano muhalli kamar zafin jiki da zafi, hayaki, da na'urorin nutsewar ruwa. Mai kula da rukunin yanar gizon yana amfani da microprocessor mai saka STM32, gami da nunin LCD, module ƙararrawar murya, relay da GPRS sadarwa module, da dai sauransu.; Layer sadarwa yana amfani da sadarwa mara waya ta GPRS, wanda ke da alhakin watsa bayanai ta hanyoyi biyu tsakanin mai kula da shafin da kuma dandalin girgije; Dandalin Gizwits girgije yana haɓaka tsarin sa ido mai nisa da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu don masu canji irin akwatin, wanda ke da alhakin ajiya, bincike da sarrafa bayanan aiki na nau'in akwatin.

This system finally realizes the user's remote monitoring of environmental parameters such as variable temperature and humidity, ƙararrawar hayaƙi da ruwan ramin tushe, da kuma sigogin lantarki kamar na yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, mita da ikon factor, da kayan aiki matsayin aiki ta kwamfuta WEB ko wayar hannu APP.

Lokacin da aka sami matsala ko kuskure a cikin aikin na'ura mai kama da akwatin, tsarin kulawa ta atomatik yana yin hukunci akan matakin kuskure, kuma yana aika ƙararrawa ta hanyar haɗuwa daban-daban na kararrawa kan-site, wayar hannu APP, SMS da tarho, da dai sauransu., kuma yana sanar da ma'aikatan da suka dace don kawar da matsalolin ɓoye a cikin lokaci da kuma hana haɗarin lantarki. . Ya dace da saka idanu mai nisa da gudanarwa na tsakiya na masu canza akwatin da dakunan rarraba wutar lantarki, kuma zai iya haɓaka matakin hankali da amincin samar da wutar lantarki da amincin kayan aikin rarraba wutar lantarki a makarantu, kamfanoni da al'umma.

1. Gabatarwa

Tare da ginawa da haɓaka tattalin arziƙin zamantakewa da hanyar sadarwar rarrabawa, akwai da yawa 10kV akwatin transfoma. Nau'in nau'in akwatin na gargajiya na 10kV gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar yanayin aiki na rashin kulawa da dubawa na yau da kullun na hannu., wanda ke da ƙarancin hankali kuma ba shi da sa ido na nesa da tsarin ƙararrawa na kuskure don yanayi da kayan aiki. A halin yanzu, tare da saurin haɓaka fasahar firikwensin hankali, fasahar da aka saka, fasahar sadarwa da fasahar sarrafa girgije da rage farashi, da 10kV mai kaifin akwatin-nau'in substation dangane da Intanet na Abubuwa ya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don haɓakawa da canza canjin nau'ikan akwatin gargajiya na gargajiya..

Tsarin sa ido na nisa na nau'in akwatin mai fasaha wanda ya dogara da Intanet na Abubuwa na iya sa ido kan yanayin mahallin nau'in akwatin., sigogi masu aiki da matsayi na kayan aiki a ainihin lokacin. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Figure 1.

Masu amfani za su iya saka idanu da nisa sigogin muhalli kamar zazzabi da zafi na akwatin, ƙararrawar hayaki, da tarin ruwa a cikin ramukan tushe, da kuma sigogin lantarki kamar na yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, mita, da ikon factor, da matsayin kayan aiki ta hanyar kwamfutoci ko APPs ta hannu a kowane lokaci. Lokacin da tashar tashar akwatin ke gudana ba bisa ka'ida ba ko ta gaza, tsarin sa ido zai sanar da ma'aikatan da suka dace ta atomatik ta hanyoyi daban-daban na APP na wayar hannu, SMS da tarho bisa ga matakin kuskure, don kawar da ɓoyayyiyar kurakuran lokaci da kuma hana haɗarin lantarki.

10kV mai wayo mai nau'in akwatin mai tushe bisa Intanet na Abubuwa

Tsarin sa ido mai nisa na tashar nau'in akwatin mai wayo ya ƙunshi a "filin bas LAN" a cikin tashar nau'in akwatin da kuma a "dandamalin girgije mai faffadar cibiyar sadarwa" waje da akwatin-type substation. Ana iya amfani da wannan ƙirar tsarin don haɓaka tsarin sa ido na nesa don tsarin kulawa na nesa na biyu na kayan samar da ruwa, tsarin kula da cajin wutar lantarki na zama, da tsarin sa ido na nesa na elevator don haɓaka hankali da matakin sarrafa kayan aikin gargajiya da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu na gargajiya.. Yana da kyau aikace-aikace darajar.

2. Gabaɗaya ƙirar shirin

Zane na nau'in akwatin mai wayo wanda ya dogara da Intanet na Abubuwa ya dogara ne akan ƙirar nau'in akwatin mai wayo mai nauyin 10kV a ɗakin ɗaliban kwaleji.. Tsarin farko na tsarin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto mai nauyin 10kV daidai yake da na gargajiya na nau'in nau'in akwatin 10kV., kuma yakan yi girma. Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan ƙirar fasaha na 10kV mai kaifin akwatin mai ɗaukar hoto. Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen bayyani na abubuwan ƙira na tsarin farko na 10kV mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto.

2.1 Tsarin tsarin farko na 10kV na fasaha na nau'in tashar tashar

Layin wutar lantarki na No. 5 Ginin ɗakin ɗalibi a jami'a ya fi haskakawa, kwamfutoci da sabbin kayan kwandishan da aka kara. Ana lissafta kowane ɗakin kwana kamar 8 mutane, nauyin haske shine 100W, nauyin kwamfutar kowane ɗalibi yana da 200W, kuma kowane 1.5P tsaga-nau'in rataye an shigar da sabon sa tare da kwandishan Ikon shine 1.3kW, kuma nauyin ɗakin kwana guda 3.0kW. A cewar hukumar "Manual Design Samar da Wutar Lantarki da Rarraba Masana'antu da Jama'a", the dormitory's power load demand coefficient is 0.7, da kuma ikon factor ne 0.8.

Yin la'akari da karuwar nauyin wutar lantarki na ɗakin dalibai a nan gaba, na'urar taranfoma tana buƙatar tanadin wani gefe, kuma an zaɓi na'urar da ke da ƙarfin 1000kVA. Yin la'akari da farashin saka hannun jari na farko da farashin aiki na taransifoma, da kuma bukatu na manufofin kiyaye makamashi da rage fitar da hayaki na kasa, an zaɓi ƙaramin asara mai cikakken hatimin mai mai nutsewa mai isasshe S13-M-1000/10-0.4 don wannan dalili..

Dangane da lissafin ƙididdiga na kaya, lissafin gajeren lokaci, tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na thermal, An zaɓi babban kayan aiki na tsarin farko na nau'in akwatin akwatin. Ana nuna takamaiman samfura da sigogin fasaha na babban kayan aiki na tsarin farko a cikin Tebur 3, Tebur 4, Tebur 5 da Table 6.

Dangane da buƙatun ƙira na No. 5 dalibi Apartment akwatin aikin akwatin substation da primary tsarin ƙira lissafi, babban zanen wayoyi na tsarin firamare da aka tsara na No. 5 Ana nuna tashar akwatin ɗakin ɗalibi a cikin hoto 2.

Hoto 2 : Babban zane na wayoyi na tsarin farko na tashar nau'in akwatin a cikin ɗakin ɗalibi a cikin jami'a

2.2 Tsarin Zane Mai Hankali na 10kV Box Transformer

Nufin lalacewar ƙira da matsalolin da ke akwai a cikin gudanarwar aiki na tashar nau'in akwatin gargajiya na 10kV, mabuɗin magance matsalar yana cikin gina tsarin rufaffiyar madauki don ganowa, m saka idanu da ƙararrawa na fasaha irin akwatin-nau'in substation yanayi da kayan aiki, kuma zane yana da saka idanu mai nisa na yanayin aiki da kayan aikin lantarki Tsarin mai canza akwatin mai fasaha tare da ayyuka daban-daban na iya tattarawa da saka idanu sigogin muhalli kamar akwatin ikon samun damar mai canza canjin., yanayin zafi da zafi, ƙararrawar hayaki, da ruwa a cikin mahara na USB, da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, iko mai aiki, karfin amsawa, factor factor, zafin jiki na USB, transfomer, da dai sauransu.

Yanayin zafin jiki da siginar ƙararrawa gas da sauran sigogin aiki na kayan aiki, ramut mai shaye-shaye fan, na'urar kariya ta microcomputer da na'urar kashe wutar lantarki.

Tsarin yana ɗaukar na'urori masu wayo da na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da ayyukan sadarwa da aka saba amfani da su a wuraren masana'antu, kuma yana isar da bayanan da aka tattara zuwa mai kula da filin ta hanyar sadarwar motar bas, kuma mai kula da filin yana isar da bayanan zuwa uwar garken ko kwamfuta mai masaukin baki ta hanyar tsarin sadarwa mara waya ko waya. Gane ayyuka kamar telemetry, m sigina da kuma m iko.

Tsarin sa ido na nesa na 10kV mai canzawa akwatin fasaha mai hankali dangane da Intanet na Abubuwa yana amfani da na'urori masu hankali da na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da aikin sadarwa na dijital biyu., kuma yana ɗaukar daidaitaccen daidaitaccen ƙirar bas na RS485 da ka'idar sadarwa ta Modbus-RTU. Tsarin sa ido na nesa na akwatin taransifoma na fasaha wanda ya dogara da Intanet na Abubuwa ya ƙunshi sassa uku: Layer tsinkaye, Layer sadarwa da Layer aikace-aikace.
* Layer tsinkaye: ta hanyoyi daban-daban masu wayo da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don tattara wurare daban-daban, kayan aiki sigogi masu aiki da kayan aiki matsayi na aiki na akwatin canji, kuma aika bayanan zuwa mai kula da filin ta bas ɗin RS485. Mai kula da filin yana da ginanniyar tsarin aiki kuma yana da tarin bayanai, Kwamfuta, aiki da sarrafawa ayyuka.
* Layer sadarwa: Wannan Layer shine haɗi da haɗin watsa bayanai da musayar, kuma yana da alhakin watsa bayanai ta hanyoyi biyu tsakanin dandalin girgije da mai kula da kan shafin. Dangane da ainihin yanayin sadarwa na nau'in akwatin na'ura, hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban kamar waya ta wayar gani da ido, Ana iya zaɓar Ethernet ko GPRS mara waya don aika bayanai zuwa dandalin gajimare.
*Layer na aikace-aikace: Ƙirƙira da haɓaka tsarin kulawa mai nisa don masu canji na nau'in akwatin akan dandalin girgije, alhakin aikawa, karba da sarrafa bayanan tarihi, saka idanu mai nisa na sigogin aiki na nau'in akwatin mai canzawa, da kuma rikodin ajiya da kuma nazarin bayanan aiki na taron. Kuma haɓaka WEB da APP ta hannu akan dandamalin girgije, Ma'aikacin wutar lantarki da ke aiki zai iya saka idanu akan bayanan aiki da yanayin aiki na kayan aikin na'urar a kowane lokaci ta hanyar kwamfuta ko wayar hannu APP.

3. Tsarin kayan aikin tsarin

3.1 RS485 bas na gida cibiyar sadarwa na akwatin gidan wuta site

Tare da haɓakawa da ci gaban fasahar da aka saka da kuma rage farashin, kayan aikin gano da yawa, na'urori masu auna firikwensin da masu kunnawa sun gina microprocessors don gazawa da matsalolin watsa bayanai na kayan aikin filin na gargajiya, wanda zai iya kammala AD DA hira da layi da kuma tace dijital. Ana ƙara bayanan hanyar sadarwa ta serial a cikin waɗannan na'urorin filin dijital, kuma ana iya samun nasarar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu tsakanin na'urorin filin ta amfani da ingantacciyar ka'idar sadarwa.

Ana amfani da cibiyar sadarwar bas ɗin masana'antu a halin yanzu.

Ɗaya daga cikin maɓallan ƙira na tsarin sa ido na nesa don masu canzawa irin akwatin mai wayo shine zaɓin kayan aiki masu wayo da na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da ayyukan sadarwa na dijital biyu., da kuma ɗaukar daidaitattun hanyoyin mu'amalar bas da haɗin kai da ka'idojin sadarwa. An fara daga aikin injiniya na 10kV mai wayo mai nau'in akwatin canji a cikin No. 5 ɗakin dalibai, an zaɓi bas ɗin RS485 da ka'idar sadarwa ta Modbus-RTU gabaɗaya da goyan bayan na'urori masu aunawa..

Dangane da babban zane na wayoyi na tsarin firamare na akwatin-canji a cikin ɗakin ɗalibi a cikin kwaleji da tsarin toshe zane na 10kV na hankali akwatin-Transformer tsarin sa ido na nesa., Tsarin kayan aikin tsarin yana ɗaukar mai sarrafa filin mai canza akwatin a matsayin ainihin, kuma ya ƙunshi na'urar kariyar haɗaɗɗiyar microcomputer, Mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai hankali da ƙarfin amsawa mai hankali Kayan tsarin na biyu kamar masu biyan kuɗi, da na'urorin gano muhalli kamar zafin jiki da zafi na hayaki, PT100 na'urori masu auna zafin jiki da na'urorin kutsawa ruwa suna samar da cibiyar sadarwar yankin bas na RS485 na wurin canza akwatin-zuwa-akwatin.. Zane-zanen tsarin cibiyar sadarwar yanki na motar bas RS485 na akwatin mai canzawa ana nuna shi a hoto 4.

RS485 bas na gida tsarin cibiyar sadarwa tsarin na akwatin-nau'in canji wurin

(1) RS485 serial sadarwa bas

Yanayin sadarwa na bas RS485 shine yanayin bawa-gida, kuma babbar na'urar tana zabar kowace na'urar bawa don sadarwa, kuma za a iya kafa hanyar sadarwa-zuwa-multi-point don samar da tsarin rarraba. Ma'anar RS485 shine ƙirar siriyal mai ƙarancin sauri da ake amfani da ita, kuma RS485 dubawa yana da halaye masu zuwa.
* Saukewa: RS485.

Sadarwar sadarwa ta RS485 tana ɗaukar yanayin watsa daban-daban, kuma yana da haɗin daidaitaccen direba da mai karɓa daban-daban, kuma yana amfani da bambancin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen kebul don watsa sigina, wanda ke haɓaka ikon yin tsayayya da tsangwama na gama-gari da tsangwama na hana surutu.
* RS485 bas yana da girman watsawa da nisa mai tsayi. Matsakaicin nisan watsawa yana kusa 1200 mita, kuma matsakaicin adadin watsawa shine 10Mbps; Yawan watsa shi ya yi daidai da nisan watsawa, kuma za'a iya kaiwa matsakaicin nisan watsawa lokacin da ƙimar ke ƙasa da 20kbps.
* Goyan bayan nodes da yawa. Gabaɗaya, madauki bas RS485 na iya tallafawa bisa ka'ida 247 nodes na na'ura.

(2) Modbus-RTU Serial Communication Protocol

Ana amfani da ƙa'idar Modbus akan hanyar sadarwar bas ɗin masana'antu. Ta hanyar yarjejeniya, ana iya aiwatar da sadarwar bayanai tsakanin mai sarrafawa da kayan aikin filin. Kayan aikin da masana'antun daban-daban ke samarwa na iya samar da tsarin sa ido kan hanyar sadarwa na bas na masana'antu bin ƙa'idar gamayya. Ƙa'idar tana da tsari na master-bawa, guda master node a cikin hanyar sadarwa, sauran kuma nodes ne na bayi, kuma kowane kumburin bawa yana da adireshin na'ura na musamman.

A cikin layin bas cibiyar sadarwa, kullin maigidan ya fara umarni, kuma duk na'urorin bayi za su karɓi umarnin. Umurnin Modbus ya ƙunshi adireshin na'urar bawa da ke aiwatar da umarnin, kuma na'urar bawa da babbar na'urar ta zayyana ta fara amsa sannan ta aiwatar da umarnin. Akwai rajistan rajista a cikin umarnin Modbus don tabbatar da cewa ba a lalata umarnin shigowar ba.. Umarnin Modbus na iya umurtar RTU don canza ƙimar rajista, karanta ko sarrafa tashar I/O, da kuma umurci na'urar ta dawo da bayanan rajista ɗaya ko fiye.

Modbus ya haɗa da ASCII, RTU da TCP nau'ikan saƙo guda uku. Yanayin watsawa ASCII, Farashin LRC, ƙananan watsawa yadda ya dace, amma ilhama, mai sauƙi da sauƙi don gyarawa. Yanayin watsa RTU, amfani da CRC check, high watsa yadda ya dace, dan kadan ya fi rikitarwa fiye da ASCII. Gabaɗaya magana, idan adadin bayanan da za a watsa kadan ne, Kuna iya la'akari da amfani da yarjejeniyar ASCII; idan adadin bayanan da za a watsa ya yi yawa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da yarjejeniyar RTU. Saboda wannan dalili, na'urori masu hankali da na'urori masu auna firikwensin wannan tsarin sun rungumi tsarin sadarwa na Modbus-RTU daidai gwargwado.

3.2 Tsarin Hardware na Mai Kula da Filin Mai Canjin Akwati

Mai kula da filin taswirar akwatin yana kunshe da tsarin da aka saka. Tsarin da aka haɗa shine tushen aikace-aikace, software da hardware za a iya keɓancewa, kuma ya gane kayan aiki ta atomatik, hankali, da ayyukan sa ido na nesa. An fi haɗa shi da microprocessors da aka haɗa, hardware masu alaka, saka tsarin aiki, da tsarin software na aikace-aikace.

(1) STM32 microprocessor mafi ƙarancin tsarin

Mafi ƙarancin tsarin microprocessor ɗin da aka saka ya haɗa da microprocessor da aka saka, sake saita da'irar da zazzagewa da'ira. Da'irar agogo tana ba da siginar agogon waje da ake buƙata, da'irar sake saitin yana samar da yanayin farko ɗaya ɗaya, kuma da'irar zazzagewa tana ba da hanyar dubawa don saukar da shirye-shiryen da cirewa.
* Zabin microprocessor da aka haɗa. Dangane da bukatu na 10kV na fasaha na akwatin canji na tsarin sa ido na nesa don aiwatar da mai sarrafa kan yanar gizo., wannan tsarin yana zaɓar guntu STM32F103ZET6 a matsayin ainihin microprocessor na mai kula da rukunin yanar gizon.. STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor mai ciki, MCU yana da babban haɗin kai, karancin wutar lantarki, da ayyuka masu tsada. Ya dace da buƙatun aikace-aikacen daban-daban a fagen likitancin masana'antu, kuma zai iya biyan buƙatun samun bayanai da sarrafa ainihin lokacin wannan tsarin.
* Crystal oscillator kewaye. Da'irar oscillator crystal tana ba da ƙayyadadden bugun bugun jini zuwa microprocessor don sanya microprocessor yayi aiki akai-akai.. STM32 microprocessor yana da oscillators crystal guda biyu, 8MHz crystal oscillator yana ba da agogo mai sauri na waje, kuma 32.768KHz crystal oscillator yana ba da agogon ƙananan sauri na waje.

* Sake saita kewayawa. Aikin da'irar sake saitin microprocessor shine sake kunna tsarin. Lokacin da tsarin ya kasa, danna maɓallin sake saiti don sake kunna na'urar. Gabaɗaya, da'irar sake saitin yana amfani da sigina mara nauyi don sake farawa.

(2) Ƙimar wutar lantarki

Tsarin yana zaɓar wutar lantarki ta waje ta DC tare da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na 12V (2A), kuma ya zaɓi DC 5V (2A) adaftar wuta tare da kebul na USB don samar da wuta ga mai sarrafa filin. Ana haɗa wutar lantarki ta 12V DC zuwa allon sarrafawa, kuma ana saukar da wutar lantarki ta DC 12V don samun wutar lantarki ta DC 5V ta hanyar LM2596S matakin saukar da module.. Ana wuce wutar lantarki ta 5V ta guntu mai sarrafa AMS1117-3.3V don samun ƙarfin lantarki na 3.3V don samar da wuta ga guntuwar STM32. An nuna zanen kewayawa na LM2596S da AMS1117-3.3V mai sarrafa wutar lantarki a cikin hoto. 8.

(3) RS485 dubawa zuwa TTL module

RS485 dubawa zuwa TTL module yana gane hanyar juyawa ta hanyoyi biyu da sadarwar siginar RS485 da siginar TTL., amma dole ne a aiwatar da siginar a madadin, kuma ba za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyoyi biyu a lokaci guda ba. Duk na'urorin filin suna amfani da wannan tsarin don haɗawa da microcontroller, kuma ana nuna zanen wayoyi a Hoto 9.

Tsarin Waya na TFT-LCD da STM32 MCU - Hoto 9

(4) LCD nuni module

Tunda mai kula da kan-site na tsarin sa ido na nesa na nau'in akwatin yana buƙatar nuna lambobi da haruffa da yawa, 2.8-inch TFT-LCD ruwa crystal nuni aka zaba a matsayin nuni module, kuma akwai mai sarrafa ILI9341 a ciki. Yi la'akari da STM32 na iya sadarwa tare da ILI9341 ta hanyar SPI dubawa, 8080 Interface ko RGB interface. Domin samun saurin wartsakewa, TFT-LCD mai amfani 8080 layi daya data bas dubawa. STM32 yana fitar da bayanai zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar mai sarrafa ILI9341 ta hanyar madaidaicin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na FSMC..

(5) Tsarin ƙararrawar murya

Lokacin da STM32 microprocessor ya gano cewa akwai rashin daidaituwa ko kuskure a cikin bayanan aiki na akwatin na'urar., zai aika sako zuwa serial port kuma ya fara ƙararrawar murya. Tsarin ƙararrawar murya yana zaɓar guntun muryar da aka saba amfani da shi SYN6288, kuma yana watsa bayanan ƙararrawar murya ta atomatik bisa ga shirin da aka tsara. Tsarin yana amfani da lambar GB2312, wanda ya dace da musayar bayanai a cikin sarrafa haruffan Sinanci da sadarwar halayen Sinawa. SYN6288 kuma yana gane lambobi daidai, lokuta da kwanan wata, da ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da su.

(6) Rubutun Relay

Mai kula da filin yana zaɓar rukuni na 2-hanyar optocoupler keɓancewar hanyoyin sadarwa don sarrafa buɗewa da rufe kararrawa da ƙararrawa ta DC 12V da fan., kuma 220V AC m jihar gudun ba da sanda za a iya zaba bisa ga nau'in samar da wutar lantarki da kuma ikon na akwatin-nau'in shaye fan.. Kowane tsarin kewayawa na relay yana da buɗewa da rufe lambobi kullum, da kuma alamar matsayi na LED; kowane da'irar relay yana keɓanta da na'urorin gani, kuma an sanye shi da diode mai motsa jiki don sakin wutar lantarki da aka jawo na relay da kuma kare kewayen da ta gabata. Lokacin da yanayin zafin na'urar taswira akwatin ya zarce iyaka, mai kula da kan shafin yana fitar da babban matakin, kuma ɗayan keɓewar optocoupler yana aiki don kunna fanka don kwantar da hankali; lokacin da manyan laifuffuka kamar yawan taro mai yawa ya faru, Mai sarrafa yana korar wani keɓancewar optocoupler don haɗa madaidaicin ƙararrawar ƙararrawa yana aika ƙararrawa a wurin.. Don tsarin tsarin aiki na relay da zane na haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin gudun ba da sanda da guntu STM32, da fatan za a tuntuɓi masana'anta kuma aika buƙatar.

(7) Tsarin sadarwa

Dangane da buƙatun ƙira na 10kV na fasaha na akwatin canji na tsarin kulawa mai nisa, sadarwar da ke tsakanin akwatin taranfoma mai hankali da gajimare suna zaɓar hanyar sadarwar mara waya ta GPRS tare da ƙarancin zirga-zirga. Gizwits firmware GPRS module.
*Gizwits firmware GPRS module (G510_GAgent firmware). Wannan tsarin tsari ne na aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan nau'ikan sadarwa daban-daban, samar da ayyuka kamar watsawa ta hanyoyi biyu na girgije da bayanan na'urar samfur, Tsarin na'ura a cikin hanyar sadarwa, ganowa da ɗaure, da haɓaka shirin. Za a iya samun zanen kewayawa tsakanin tsarin GPRS da babban mai sarrafawa ta hanyar tuntuɓar masana'anta.

*GPRS-GA6 module. Wannan tsarin zai iya gane watsa murya, gajeriyar saƙo da bayanai tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Ya dace da buƙatun ƙira iri-iri a aikace-aikacen M2M, musamman don ƙirar ƙananan samfurori. Na biyu, ka'idar sadarwa tana ɗaukar tashar bas ɗin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta UART, yana amfani da daidaitattun umarnin AT don sarrafa tsarin, kuma ya zaɓi ƙimar baud na 115200bps. Tuntuɓi Kamfanin IoT don zane-zanen kewayawa na GPRS-GA6 module da STM32 microcontroller.

3.3 Cikakken na'urar kariya ta microcomputer

Dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar kariyar wutar lantarki (GB/T 50062-2008), 10KV taswira yawanci suna buƙatar shigar da kariyar wuce gona da iri tare da ƙayyadaddun lokaci. Na'urar kariya ta microcomputer tana da kariya, aunawa da kula da ayyuka na masu canji da layi, da kuma ayyuka na samun bayanai, saka idanu da tsarin duba kai, kuma yana da babban hankali da aminci.

Dangane da buƙatun ƙira na canjin akwatin fasaha na 10kV a cikin ɗakin ɗalibi, Ankerui AM3-I nau'in microcomputer cikakkiyar na'urar kariya ta yanzu tare da aikin sadarwar RS485 an zaɓi, da IA, IB, IC, UA, UB, UC, P, Q, Fr da sauran ma'aunin sigar lantarki, 8-tashar siginar sauya siginar waje ta waje, da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa budewa da rufe ayyuka da sauran ayyuka. Zane-zanen tashar waya na na'urar kariyar microcomputer AM3-I shine kamar haka:

Zane-zane na tashar waya na na'urar kariya ta microcomputer AM3-I

3.4. Smart cibiyar sadarwa mita

Ana amfani da mitoci masu wayo don gano sigogin lantarki kamar halin yanzu mai hawa uku, irin ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin ƙananan wutar lantarki na rarraba wutar lantarki, haka kuma matsayin budewa da rufewa na keɓance maɓalli da na'urorin da'ira. Dangane da buƙatun ƙira na tsarin sakandare na 10kV mai canza akwatin fasaha na fasaha, Ankerui ACR na'urar sadarwa mai hankali tare da aikin sadarwar RS485 an zaɓi, da kuma zanen waya na mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai hankali ta ACR da na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki da kuma zanen wiring na shigarwa da fitarwa an zaɓi..

Mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai wayo ta ACR ƙaramin wutar lantarki na yanzu mai canzawa da shigarwar dijital da zane mai fitarwa

Mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai wayo ta ACR tana ɗaukar ka'idar Modbus-RTU, wanda zai iya aunawa da tattara sigogin wutar lantarki. Ayyukan shigar da sauyawa na iya gano yanayin sauyawa na keɓantawar maɓalli da mai watsewar kewayawa, kuma aikin fitarwa na relay na iya kunnawa da kashe na'urar kashewa daga nesa. Mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai hankali ta ACR tana da tsari ɗaya don teburin adireshin sadarwa, wanda zai iya gane ayyukan nesa guda uku na telemetry, m sigina da kuma m iko.

(1) AD juyawa da lissafin siginar analog na AC

The 3 sigina irin ƙarfin lantarki na zamani da 3 sigina na yanzu (siginonin fitarwa na yanzu) kai tsaye wanda na'urar sadarwa mai wayo ta ACR ta tattara duk adadin analog ne, waɗanda ke buƙatar canza su zuwa siginar dijital waɗanda CPU za ta iya gane su don sarrafa bayanai. Na farko, da 3 lokaci ƙarfin lantarki na 220V da 3 Ana canza analogs na yanzu zuwa sigina marasa ƙarfi ta hanyar mai canzawa, kuma an canza shi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki wanda mai canza AD ya ba da izini ta hanyar madauki mai ƙarfin lantarki; , canza zuwa siginar dijital ta AD da shigarwa zuwa CPU. Za'a iya samun zane-zanen ƙirar samfuri da tsarin juyawa AD na adadin analog na AC ta hanyar tuntuɓar masana'anta..

* Canjin wutar lantarki na Analog da ƙarancin wucewa. Aikin da'irar samar da wutar lantarki shine ware wutar lantarki da canza wutar lantarki. Gabaɗaya, mai canza AD yana buƙatar siginar shigarwa ya zama ± 5V da ± 10V, don haka ana iya ƙayyade rabon canji na mai sauya wutar lantarki. An raba matattarar ƙarancin wucewa zuwa matattarar masu wucewa da masu tacewa masu aiki. Tace masu aiki sun ƙunshi capacitors, resistors da hadedde aiki amplifiers, wanda ke haɓaka siginar yayin tacewa. Tace masu wucewa suna da ayyukan tacewa kawai amma babu ayyukan ƙara sigina.
* Samfurin siginar analog. The sampling process should follow Shannon's sampling theorem, wato, Dole ne mitar samfurin ya zama ƙasa da haka 2 sau mafi girman mitar siginar shigarwa. Tsarin samfurin yana da sauri sosai. Samfurin mai sauya AD na yanzu ya kai matakin nanosecond, yayin da lokacin samfurin tsarin wutar lantarki na'urar atomatik ke a matakin millisecond, don haka wutar lantarki da sigina na yanzu na madaukai shida na iya raba mai jujjuya AD ɗaya, amma da'irar samfurin Dole ne a sanye ta da na'urar samfurin-da-riƙe da maɓalli mai yawa.
* AD canji. Masu juyawa AD sun haɗa da ƙima, m, kirgawa, kwatancen layi daya, da VFC masu jujjuya wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin mai juyawa AD na gaba shine wakilcin duka sauri da daidaito a cikin ADC, kuma yana da ƙudurin juyi mafi girma a mafi girman juzu'i.

(2) Rabin sake zagayowar cikakkar ƙimar haɗin kai algorithm na adadin lantarki na sinusoidal

Makullin algorithm na software shine haɓaka daidaito da saurin aikin algorithm. Makullin AC samfurin algorithm na mitar mai wayo shine don warware yadda ake ƙididdige girman girman ko ingancin ƙimar siginar samfurin sinusoid bisa ga ƙimar siginar sinusoidal nan take.. Algorithm ɗin da aka fi amfani da shi don adadin sine shine cikakken haɗin haɗin ƙimar rabin-zagaye. Ka'idar haɗin haɗin ƙimar ƙimar rabin-rabin zagayowar shine cewa ainihin ƙimar ƙimar sine a cikin kowane rabin zagayowar shine akai S., kuma madaidaicin ƙimar S ba shi da alaƙa da kusurwar farawa mai mahimmanci . Cikakken cikakken haɗin haɗin ƙima na rabin-zagaye akan ƙirar aikin sine ana nunawa a cikin Hoto 19.

Algorithm na cikakken haɗewar ƙimar rabin-zagayen zagayowar dangane da ƙirar aikin sine

Kalmomi don ƙididdige ingantaccen ƙimar halin yanzu ta amfani da cikakkiyar ƙimar haɗaɗɗiyar ƙima ta rabin-zagaye ana nuna su a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.:

A cikin dabara, S yana wakiltar ainihin madaidaicin ƙimar cikin rabin zagaye; Ina wakiltar ingantaccen ƙimar halin yanzu; ina wakiltar ƙimar halin yanzu nan take; w yana wakiltar saurin kusurwa; T yana wakiltar zagayowar wutar AC; f yana wakiltar mitar wutar AC; N yana wakiltar adadin samfurori a cikin zagaye ɗaya ; Ts yana wakiltar lokacin samfur.

3.5 RS485 zazzabi da zafi firikwensin hayaki

Bisa la'akari da cewa layin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin na'ura mai kama da akwatin na iya samun ɗigogi, wuce gona da iri, gajeriyar kewayawa da juriya mai yawa, wanda zai iya haifar da gobara, sannan gazawar na’urar taranfomar da man fetur da aka nutsar na iya haifar da gobara. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a shigar da firikwensin hayaki a cikin nau'in nau'in akwatin don gano wuta na nau'in akwatin. Domin gano yiwuwar gazawar da wuri. Domin tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni da rage farashi a lokaci guda, zafin jiki na RS485, Ana amfani da zafi da hayaki uku-in-daya firikwensin don gano zafin jiki, zafi da hayaki maida hankali a cikin akwatin transformer. The zafin jiki da zafi firikwensin yana amfani da binciken SHT30. Tsangwama a kan wurin da tsangwama bugun jini. Sensor yana da 4 wayoyi: ja, baki, rawaya, da kore. Don takamaiman hanyar wayoyi na zafin jiki da zafi firikwensin hayaki, da fatan za a tuntuɓi masana'anta na IoT.

Mitoci masu wayo da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka ƙera a wannan tsarin sun ɗauki ƙa'idar Modbus-RTU, wanda zai iya sadarwa amintacce a cikin cikakken adadin adadin baud na 1200-115200. Adadin baud na mita masu wayo da na'urori masu auna firikwensin an saita su iri ɗaya zuwa 9600bps. Tsarin watsa bayanai da tsarin musayar bayanai na firikwensin sune kamar haka:
Tsarin firam ɗin tambayar bayanan firikwensin. Na'urar firikwensin yana bin daidaitaccen ƙa'idar Modbus-RTU, kuma ana adana karatun firikwensin a cikin rijistar riƙon, kuma lambar aikin shine 04. Kwamfuta ta sama tana karanta tsarin firam ɗin binciken bayanan firikwensin, da ƙananan kwamfuta firikwensin data tambaya frame format.

3.6 PT100 mai watsa zafin jiki - Tsarin aiki na RTD PT100 - ka'idar aiki na firikwensin zafin jiki

Ana amfani da watsawar zafin jiki na PT100 don gano zafin jiki mai canzawa, babban ƙarfin lantarki da ƙananan zafin jiki na USB, ya dace da wuraren masana'antu daban-daban. Transformer zai haifar da asara yayin aiki, yafi asarar ƙarfe da asarar tagulla, wanda kuma aka sani da core asarar da lodi load. Asarar tagulla ta bambanta da nauyin halin yanzu kuma yana daidai da murabba'in nauyin halin yanzu. Tsarin lissafin asarar Transformer shine kamar haka:

A cikin dabara, P0 yana wakiltar ƙarfin aiki na taswira a cikin aiki mara nauyi a ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki; I1 da I2 suna wakiltar babban layin wutar lantarki na yanzu da kuma layin gefen ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na yanzu; R1 da R2 suna wakiltar babban ƙarfin juriya na gefe da ƙananan ƙarfin juriya.

Mai watsa zafin jiki na PT100 an haɗa shi da ƙirar bas RS485, kuma ana iya haɗa kowane mai watsa zafin jiki zuwa 4 PT100 na'urori masu auna zafin jiki.

3.7 Ka'idar aiki na watsa ruwa nutsewa

Saboda karancin ruwa na rami mai tushe mai tushe, sau da yawa ana samun tarin ruwa a cikin ramin kebul da ramin tushe bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, kuma akwai yuwuwar haɗarin aminci na yabo na USB, don haka ana buƙatar dubawa da magudanar ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba. A cikin wannan zane, Ana amfani da firikwensin nutsewar ruwa don gano tarin ruwa a cikin ramin tushe na tsarin akwatin.. Firikwensin nutsewar ruwa yana aiki da ƙa'idar tafiyar da ruwa, kuma yana amfani da na'urorin lantarki don gano ko akwai ruwa. Zaɓi nau'in lamba mai gano nutsewar ruwa tare da aikin sadarwar RS485. Ana nuna ƙa'idar aiki na mai gano nutsewar ruwa a cikin hoto 23.

4. Tsarin software na tsarin

Tsarin software na tsarin ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: the field bus LAN software design of the box-type transformer and the remote monitoring system design of the box-type transformer based on the Gizwits cloud platform. Na'urar kariya ta hadedde microcomputer, Mitar cibiyar sadarwa mai wayo da firikwensin firikwensin a cikin filin bas na yanki na cibiyar sadarwa na akwatin wuta sun shigar da software na aikace-aikace, don haka kawai ƙirar shirin software na mai kula da filin na akwatin transfoma ne ake buƙata.

4.1 Zane na software mai kula da filin don mai canzawa irin akwatin

Mai kula da filin taswirar akwatin shine tsarin da aka saka, kuma tsarin software ɗin sa ya ƙunshi shirin aikace-aikace, API, shigar da tsarin aiki da BSP (kunshin tallafin allo). Dangane da halaye na sigogi da yawa, ayyuka da yawa da manyan buƙatun ainihin lokacin da mai kula da filin na 10kV na'urar wutan lantarki na fasaha ya tattara., da μC/OS-Ⅲ tsarin aiki na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai wajen haɓaka samfuran kasuwanci da bincike na koyarwa, aka zaba. μC/OS-Ⅲ yana ɗaukar ɗawainiya azaman mafi ƙarancin raka'a, kuma duk wani aiki baya buƙatar kulawa da takamaiman hanyar sarrafa albarkatun, wanda aka ƙaddara ta tsarin aiki.

4.2 Ƙirar shirin software na mai sarrafa filin na nau'in akwatin mai canzawa

Dukkan tsarin tsarin software ya dogara ne akan tsarin rarraba wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu hankali, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu kula da filin da dandamali na girgije, kuma ana aiwatar da ƙira da haɓaka software na aikace-aikacen. watsa bayanai da musayar, mai kula da kan yanar gizo da uwar garken girgije na Gizwits suna amfani da ka'idar sadarwar Gizwits a cikin firmware na GPRS don watsa bayanai da musayar.. Babban ginshiƙi kwararar shirye-shirye na software na aikace-aikacen mai sarrafa filin na nau'in mai canzawa na akwatin.

*Babban shirin software. Na farko, fara duk sassan tsarin, kamar GPIO, serial port, agogo, sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da dai sauransu., kuma ƙirƙirar ayyuka a cikin μC/OS-Ⅲ. STM32 yana aiwatar da siye da sarrafa bayanan firikwensin, kuma aika daidai bayanai zuwa LCD nuni. A lokaci guda, STM32 yana aika umarnin AT zuwa tsarin GPRS-G510, musayar bayanai, yana haɗi zuwa dandalin girgije na Gizwits ta hanyar ka'idar LwM2M, kuma yana yin hukunci ko tsarin sadarwar GPRS ya sami nasarar haɗa shi zuwa uwar garken girgije na Gizwits. Idan haɗin ya yi nasara, Ana yin watsa bayanai. Sannan yi hukunci ko bayanan da aka sarrafa sun fi madaidaicin da aka saita.
Idan ƙananan gazawar tashar tashar akwatin ne, aika bayanan bayanan zuwa wayar hannu ta APP ta dandalin girgije; idan kasawar gaba daya ce, aika bayanan ƙararrawa na bayanai zuwa APP ta hannu ta hanyar dandalin girgije, kuma fara tsarin sadarwar GPRS-GA6 don aika bayanin ƙararrawa ta hanyar SMS ta wayar hannu; idan Idan babban laifi ne, za a aika bayanan ƙararrawar bayanai zuwa APP na wayar hannu ta hanyar dandali na girgije, kuma za a kunna tsarin sadarwa na GPRS-GA6 don aika bayanin ƙararrawa ta hanyar saƙon rubutu ta wayar hannu da kiran ma'aikatan da suka dace..